农业政策环境扩展模型在我国农业面源污染研究中的应用

Review on the potential of applying the APEX model for non-point source pollution in China

我国的面源污染问题逐渐受到政府和科学界的重视,然而面源污染是一个复杂的系统过程,涉及多种因素和多个过程。面源(NPS)污染模型作为解决面源污染相关问题的研究和管理工具,在进行面源污染总量估算和严重程度评价、污染物流失路径和影响因素分析、治理策略制定等方面都有重要的作用。在我国,虽然针对面源污染模型进行了大量相关研究,既包含对基于国外模型的应用与验证,也包含基于观测数据自主研发的模型,但仍然存在模型应用和验证案例不足、已有的模型应用同中国面源污染特征结合不足、模型发展同面源污染机理研究结合不足等问题,而农业政策环境扩展(APEX)模型在应对这些问题上具有一定的优势。结合我国面源污染模型相关研究存在的问题、APEX模型模块和研究进展进行了介绍,对APEX模型在我国面源污染相关问题的研究中涉及的畜禽养殖、复杂耕作系统、特定BMP和水稻田的模拟等相关问题的应用前景进行了探讨,以期能够促进我国农业面源污染模型的发展。

The serious problem of non-point source(NPS)pollution is increasingly concerned by both the Chinese government and academic scholars.However,NPS pollution is a complex problem,which required systematic understanding of related processes contributing to NPS pollutant losses and major factors affecting these processes.For NPS pollutant loss related researches and application cases,NPS models is an important tool for conducting relative researches and assisting policy makers in determining proper,economic,and effective measurements to reduce NPS pollutant loads.The NPS models have been applied to solve many problems,which included identifying major pollutant type,estimating total load of major pollutants,identifying paths through which pollutants losses and major factors affecting the corresponding paths,and developing strategies for reducing NPS pollutants.In China,large number of researches have been conducted on the development and application of NPS models.These activities are dominated by adoption and verification of NPS models developed by other countries,which is complemented by model development based on data collected under conditions for China.However,there are still many problems in development and application of NPS related models in China.These problems include limited model application and verification,lack of consideration on characteristics of the NPS pollution in China,and lack of incorporating advances in NPS theories to model development.The APEX model has some advantages in solving these problems over other NPS models and made it a prospective tool to solve NPS pollution related problems in China.This paper analyzed the potential of applying the APEX model in researches for the NPS pollution in China.In this review,the problems identified in reported papers on NPS models were summarized by reviewing existing papers on application of the APEX model under the natural and agricultural conditions in China.This is followed by detailed description of 12 major modules included in the APEX model,as well as explanation on application capabilities of the model.Then,existing papers on the APEX model were categorized based on the major research topics,including review papers,papers on development of user interface for the model,on model improvement,on sensitivity analysis of model parameters,parameter optimization,on applying models for scenario simulation,etc.In addition,the prospective of applying the model in simulating specific NPS pollution problems such as poultry,complex tillage system,localized BMP and rice paddy was described.This paper will provide some supports for the NPS model development in China.