太湖流域生态安全格局构建与调控——基于空间形态学-最小累积阻力模型

Construction and adjustment of ecological security pattern based on MSPA-MCR Model in Taihu Lake Basin

构建生态安全网络是在快速城镇化和生态环境恶化的背景下保护生物多样性的重要举措。以典型跨界的太湖流域为地理研究单元,使用多源空间数据,采用空间形态学方法(Morphological spatial pattern analysis,MSPA)和最小累积阻力模型(Minimal cumulative resistance,MCR)以及地理学统计方法建立“生态源地-活动廊道-保护网络-阻力特征-分区调控”的生态安全模式。研究结果显示:(1)太湖流域20个具有保护生物多样性功能的生态源地主要分布在浙西区和湖西区,包括大型湖体和丘陵森林等;(2)流域内重要性廊道贯穿太湖连接大型湖体和森林,一般性廊道集中分布在浙西-湖西区,将生态源地两两相连;(3)根据节点-廊道-源地网络分布,参考生态阻力和生境质量的空间性特征,构建流域“四区一带”生态安全格局并提出分区管控措施,为经济发展快速但生境脆弱的太湖流域生态体系建设与生物多样性保护提供参考。

Under the background of rapid urban development and continuous deterioration of the ecological environment,it is an important measure to build an ecological security network to protect biodiversity.The Taihu Lake Basin is a typical trans-boundary area in China.This study takes the Taihu Lake Basin as the research area and the geospatial data from various sources as the basic data.Morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA),the minimum cumulative resistance model(MCR),and geospatial statistical methods,such as zoning statistics,were used.We established an ecological security model in the Taihu Lake Basin,and the structure of the ecological security model was ecological sources-moving corridors-protection network-resistance characteristics-zone regulation.The study got the following results.(1)The MSPA method was used to obtain 20 ecological sources in the Taihu Lake Basin,including large lakes and hilly forests.These ecological sources are the core areas of the Taihu Lake Basin,and they are large ecological lands,which are conducive to the protection of biodiversity in the study area.The 20 ecological sources were mainly distributed in western Zhejiang and western Taihu Lake.There are four core ecological sources in the east of Taihu Lake.(2)Gravity model was used to generate a number of important ecological corridors that run through the Taihu Lake and connected large lakes to the forest.Apart from important ecological corridors,other corridors are general ecological corridors.The general corridors are concentrated in the west of Zhejiang and Huxi area.These corridors connect the ecological sources and form an ecological network to protect biodiversity.(3)Based on the network layout of nodes,corridors,and source areas,and referring to the spatial characteristics of ecological resistance and habitat quality,including the hot spot analysis and directional analysis of the ecological resistance and habitat quality,this study constructed the ecological security pattern of“four regions and one area”in the Taihu Lake Basin.The Taihu Lake Basin has a fast economic development but a fragile ecological environment.Based on the research,this study proposes zoning control measures,which can provide a reference for the construction of the ecological network system and biodiversity protection in the Taihu Lake Basin.