不同矮化砧木对‘天红2号’苹果树体生长及产量品质的影响

Effects of different dwarfing rootstocks on growth characteristic and fruit yield and quality of‘Tianhong 2’apple trees

为了探究不同矮化砧木对‘天红2号’短枝富士苹果生长特性及产量品质的影响,本试验分别以SH6、青砧1号、青砧2号自根砧上嫁接‘天红2号’;以八棱海棠为基砧,Mark、P22、B9、M9-T337、青砧1号为中间砧,嫁接‘天红2号’为试验材料。对8个砧穗组合的株高、冠幅、主枝数量、干径、总枝量、枝类组成、叶片矿质元素、产量及品质等进行了测定。结果显示,SH6自根砧嫁接‘天红2号’平均单果质量较大(256.33 g),单株结果数量多(188.68个),公顷产量最高(48751.2±351.3)kg/hm^(2),且果实着色面积最高(93.5%),可溶性固形物含量达到优质果的要求(15.78%)。综合分析研究结果,冀中南地区以SH6自根砧嫁接‘天红2号’树体生长中庸、产量高、果实品质佳,可考虑作为当地首选的砧穗组合。

To provide the reliable reference for selecting the suitable dwarf rootstocks for short-branch Fuji varieties,we analyzed the effects of different dwarfing rootstocks on growth characteristics,fruit yield and quality of‘Tianhong 2’,the short-branched Fuji apple,in the central-southern of Hebei area.‘Tianhong 2’was directly grafted with SH6,Qingzhen 1,and Qingzhen 2 self-rooted rootstocks respectively;‘Tianhong’was grafted with inter-stocks Mark,P22,B9,M9-T337 and Qingzhen 1 using Malus Robusta Rehd.as base rootstock.The tree height,crown width,number of main branches,stem diameter,total number of branches,branch composition,mineral elements,yield and quality of these 8 kinds of stock-scion combinations were tested.The results showed that the average fruit mass of‘Tianhong 2’grafted by SH6 self-rooted rootstock was 256.33 g;The number of fruits per plant was the largest(188.68);The yield per hectare was the highest(48751.2±351.3)kg/hm^(2);The colored area of fruit was highest(93.5%);The soluble solids content was 15.78%that reached the requirement of high quality fruits.The results showed that‘Tianhong 2’,which was grafted with SH6 self-rooted stock in the central-southern of Hebei area had medium growth,high yield and good fruit quality;Those outstanding advantages pointed out that‘Tianhong 2’with SH6 self-rooted stock could be considered as the local preferred combination of rootstock-scion.