基于知信行理论的围术期护理在上颌窦提升种植牙患者中的应用研究

Application of perioperative nursing based on KAP theory in patients with axillary sinus lifting in dental implantation

目的探讨基于知信行理论的围术期护理在上颌窦提升种植牙患者中的应用价值。方法选取2017年8月—2020年8月在本院接受上颌窦提升种植牙术治疗的60例患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组、观察组,每组各30例。对照组予以常规上颌窦提升种植牙围术期护理,观察组予以基于知信行理论的上颌窦提升种植牙围术期护理。观察并比较两组患者干预前后的负性情绪、口腔自我护理能力、术后并发症发生率及术后1个月、3个月和6个月按时复诊率的差异。结果干预前两组患者牙科焦虑量表(dental anxiety scale,DAS)评分、牙科畏惧调查量表(dental fear survey scale,DFS)评分、口腔保健自我效能量表(self-efficacy scale for self-care,SESS)评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);出院时两组患者DAS、DFS评分均较干预前下降,且观察组的评分低于对照组(P<0.05);出院时两组患者SESS评分均较干预前上升,观察组评分高于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者术后并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者术后1个月的按时复诊率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组术后3个月和6个月时的按时复诊率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于知信行理论的围术期护理模式可有效改善上颌窦提升种植牙患者的焦虑和恐惧心理,提高术后口腔自我护理能力及出院后按时复诊率。

Objective To explore the application value of perioperative nursing based on knowledge,attitude and practice theory in maxillary sinus dental implant patients.Methods A total of 60 patients who received maxillary sinus lifting implant treatment in our hospital from August 2017 to August 2020 were selected as the research objects,and they were divided into control group and observation group according to random number table method,with 30 patients in each group.The control group was given routine perioperative care of maxillary sinus elevation implant,while the observation group was given perioperative care of maxillary sinus elevation implant based on knowledge,attitude and practice theory.The negative emotion,oral self-care ability,postoperative complication rate and the rate of on-time return visit at 1,3 and 6 months were observed and compared between the two groups before and after intervention.Results There were no significant differences in dental anxiety Scale(dental anxiety scale,DAS)score,dental fear Survey Scale(dental fear survey scale,DFS)score and oral health self-efficacy Scale(self-efficacy scale for self-care,SESS)score between 2 groups before intervention(P>0.05).DAS and DFS scores in both groups were lower than before the intervention at discharge,and the score of observation group was lower than that of control group(P<0.05).At discharge,SESS score of 2 groups was higher than that before intervention,and score of observation group was higher than control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between 2 groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the rate of on-time return visit 1 month after surgery between the two groups(P>0.05),and the rate of on-time return visit 3 and 6 months after surgery in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The perioperative nursing model based on the theory of knowledge,attitude and practice can effectively improve the anxiety and fear of maxillary sinus implant patients,improve the ability of oral self-care and timely return rate after discharge.