从文学到经学:荻生徂徕对王世贞的发现与接受

From Literature to Confucian Classics: Ogyu Sorai’s Discovery and Acceptance of Wang Shizhen

日本江户时代的儒学家荻生徂徕在中年时期接触到明代文学家李攀龙和王世贞的著作,受二人影响创立了古文辞学说。就荻生徂徕对王世贞文学思想的接受而言,一方面受到其诗文观念的影响,编选《唐后诗》申明了取法盛唐的诗学主张,又编选《四家隽》确立了“修辞”与“尚法”的古文追求;另一方面也为其经学思想所启发,形成了政治色彩鲜明的经学观。荻生徂徕所作《〈大学〉解》和《〈中庸〉解》,不仅对王世贞《读〈大学〉》《读〈中庸〉》的原文进行了化用,还将其中的重要观点加以引申发挥;而对朱熹批判意识的增强,以及对经学与政治之间密切关系的强调,则显示出荻生徂徕对王世贞经学思想的本土化改造。徂徕学派在文学和经术领域的并行发展,显示出王世贞对荻生徂徕存在的双重影响。

Ogyu Sorai, a Confucian scholar of the Edo Period in Japan, founded his theory of ancient prose after reading the works of Li Panlong and Wang Shizhen of the Ming dynasty in his middle age.Sarai’s acceptance of Wang’s literary thoughts, on the one hand, was influenced by his poetic and literary views.He edited the book Tang Hou Shi to express his stance of following the Tang dynasty.He also edited Si Jia Juan,which established the pursuit of “rhetoric” and “grammar”.On the other hand, he was also inspired by Wang’s thoughts on Confucian classics and formed a view of Confucian Classics with distinct political colors.Soria’s Da Xue Jie and Zhong Yong Jie not only adapted the original works of Wang Shizhen’s Du Da Xue and Du Zhong Yong,but also developed the important points in them.Sarai’s strong criticism of Zhu Xi and his emphasis on the close relationship between Confucian classics and politics showed that Sorai has adapted Wang’s Confucian classics into Japanese politics.The parallel development of the Sorai school in the fields of literature and Confucian classics suggested Wang Shizhen’s double influence on Ogyu Sorai.