“移民融合”机制的完善——评析英国《1968年种族关系法》的生成

Improvement of the“Immigration Integration”Mechanism:on the Formation of the British“Race Relations Act 1968”

英国《1968年种族关系法》是威尔逊政府“限制—融合”移民政策的主要组成部分。该法案的颁布主要缘于《1965年种族关系法》的局限性导致移民权利在多方面受限或受损。其主要内容是扩展前一部种族关系法的适用范围与扩大“种族关系委员会”调查种族歧视的权限。工会的反对是该法案在立法过程中遇到的最大障碍。该法案维护了移民的基本权益,彰显出现行移民政策中“移民融合”的内涵与特征,促进了英国和谐种族制度的构建,但它仍有诸多不足之处。该法案的立法与执行过程从一个侧面勾勒出战后英国移民政策完善与运行的轨迹。

The “Race Relations Act 1968” was the main component of the Wilson government’s “restriction-integration” immigration policy.The promulgation of the bill was mainly due to the obvious limitations of the “Race Relations Act 1965”.In particular, racial discrimination in employment and housing has caused harm to coloured immigrants and thus harmed British society.Its main content is to expand legislative scope of the former Race Relations Act and to give the “Race Relations Board” greater power to investigate racial discrimination.The resistance of the trade union is the biggest obstacle in the legislative process.The bill safeguarded the basic rights of immigrants, promoted the construction of the British racial system and the development of a multi-racial society, and demonstrated the connotation and characteristics of “immigrant integration” in the Wilson government’s “restriction-integration” immigration policy, but it still many shortcomings.The legislative and implementation process of the bill outlines the path of improvement and operation of British immigration policy in the post-war era.