1990-2020年我国国家与专业之间关系的演变:以老年人照顾社会工作为例

The Evolution of State-Profession Relations over the Past 30 Years(1990−2020):The Case of Social Work for Elderly Care

国家与社会工作专业之间的关系问题一直是学术界和实务界探讨的基本问题。文章聚焦我国老年人照顾领域的社会工作,从“嵌入”视角尝试回顾和反思我国国家与社会工作专业之间关系的演变。研究发现,过去30年(1990—2020年),老年人照顾社会工作经历了“游离于国家之外”“理论耦合但实践脱嵌”“国家与专业互相嵌入”的演变历程。老年人照顾社会工作的合法性获得和服务空间嵌入均是从“国家/政府难以解决当前社会问题”的缝隙中获得而来。因此,自主回应老龄化社会需求和有效解决老年人照顾问题是老年人照顾社会工作得以生存和发展的基础。

The relationship between the state and the social work profession has always been a basic issue discussed in both the academic and practical fields.Centering on the social work intervention for elderly care,this article attempts to review and reflect on this mutual relationship from the theoretical perspective of“embedding”.It has found that social work for elderly care experienced an evolutionary process of being separated from the state,focusing on theory but de—embedding in practice,and mutual embedding between state and profession.Specifically,the legitimacy of the social work for elderly care and the embedding of the service space are only obtained from the gap of unsolvable social problems.Therefore,the quality and ability to autonomously respond to the needs of an aging society and promoting effective solutions to the problems of elderly care are the basis for the survival and development of the social work profession for the elderly.