衣原体mRNA疫苗的研发对策与展望

Strategies and prospects for chlamydial mRNA vaccines

衣原体是一类专性胞内寄生、多宿主病原体,可感染眼部粘膜、呼吸道、泌尿生殖道等,引起人类与动物多种感染性疾病及并发症。然而衣原体常呈隐匿性感染,潜伏期长,临床上仅呈现轻微症状甚至无症状,抗生素治疗后常出现感染反复持续、迁延难愈现象,对人类公共卫生和畜牧业造成严重威胁。因此,研发安全高效的衣原体疫苗是防治衣原体感染的重要手段。mRNA疫苗是近年新兴的疫苗,在抗病毒、抗传染性疾病病原体方面应用广泛。过去几十年疫苗的研究显示,与全菌疫苗、亚单位疫苗以及DNA疫苗相比,mRNA疫苗不仅在安全性、免疫性、灵活性等方面更具优势,在传染病的预防方面也具有强大潜力。我们通过总结近年来衣原体疫苗以及mRNA疫苗的相关研究和重要发现,系统介绍合理研发衣原体mRNA疫苗过程中衣原体抗原选择、佐剂选择、抗原递送及免疫途径等重要环节及注意事项,为研发安全有效的衣原体mRNA理想疫苗提供设计思路和理论依据。

Chlamydia are obligate intracellular,multi-host pathogens that can infect regions including the ocular mucosa,respiratory tract and urogenital tract,thus causing a variety of infectious diseases and complications in humans and animals.However,Chlamydia usually present an insidious infection with a long incubation period,and show mild or even asymptomatic clinical symptoms.After antibiotic treatment,the infection often persists and may recur or heal slowly,thus posing a serious health threat.Therefore,developing safe and efficient vaccines is an effective method to prevent and treat chlamydial infectious diseases.mRNA vaccines have emerged in recent years,and are widely used against viral and infectious pathogens.Compared with whole bacteria vaccines,subunit vaccines and DNA vaccines,mRNA vaccines not only have advantages in aspects including their safety,immunity and flexibility,as well as their ability to prevent infectious diseases.In this review,we summarize the relevant research and important findings on Chlamydia and mRNA vaccines,and we systematically introduce the processes to develop chlamydial mRNA vaccines,including antigens and adjuvants,antigen delivery and immunization.Our aim is to provide design ideas and a theoretical basis for the development of safe and effective chlamydial mRNA vaccines.