公共卫生事件中社会伦理心态的义务论阐释

An Interpretation of the Obligation Theory of Social Ethics Mentality in Public Health Events

在伦理学中,人们通常根据义务的主体将义务分为对自己的义务和对他人的义务两种类型。在卫生紧急状态下行为主体的义务间的冲突,集中体现在人究竟是目的还是手段。卫生紧急状态造成的义务冲突,更多是对自己的义务与对他人的义务之间的冲突,即主体间结构造成的冲突。减少义务冲突是我们不断试求的事情,因为社会处于变化之中,环境的变化影响到义务的履行。最高原则或道德法则,是当一个人把一个行为或判断当作自己的义务时,他(自觉或不自觉地)认可的基本原则。掌握了这样的道德法则,即便是在其他类型的社会紧急状态下,社会成员依然不会因无法调和义务冲突而无所适从。

In ethics,people usually divide“obligation”into“obligation to oneself”and“obligation to others”according to the subject of obligation.The conflict between the obligations of actors in a health emergency is mainly reflected in whether people are ends or means.The duty conflict caused by health emergency is more the conflict between their own obligations and those to others,that is,the conflict caused by the structure between subjects.Reducing obligation conflict is what we constantly try to do,because society is changing,and changes in the environment affect the performance of obligations.The supreme principle or moral law is the basic principle recognized by a person(consciously or unconsciously)when he regards an act or judgment as his duty.Having mastered such moral rules,even in other types of social emergencies,social members will not be at a loss because they are unable to reconcile the conflict of obligations.