制造业投入服务化与服务投入结构优化对制造业生产率的影响

The Effect of Input Servitization of Manufacturing and Service Input Structure Optimization on Manufacturing Productivity

制造业服务化是提高生产率还是降低生产率,这是一个值得研究的问题。本文从制造业投入服务化入手,以2000—2014年全球投入产出数据库(WIOD)中投入产出表的43个国家或地区为研究样本,运用动态面板模型(系统GMM)考察了这种影响。研究发现,在经过改变估计方法、改变控制变量、替换核心变量和更换数据维度等一系列稳健性检验后,制造业投入服务化抑制了制造业生产率增长,主要是存在服务要素投入结构层次低的问题。异质性分析表明,制造业投入服务化在不同收入经济体、不同时期、不同服务要素来源、不同服务要素投入和不同制造业行业中存在异质性影响。进一步的实证分析表明,制造业投入服务化主要是通过降低制造业技术进步效率和规模经济优势对制造业生产率产生抑制效应;服务投入结构优化可以抑制制造业投入服务化对制造业生产率的不利影响。因此,中国在推进制造业服务化进程中,应更加注重优化服务业投入结构,提高服务业生产率。

Whether the servitization of manufacturing increases or decreases productivity is a question worth of study.Based on the perspective of the input servitization of manufacturing,this paper employs the dynamic panel model(system GMM) to examine this effect by using the sample of 43 countries or regions in the World Input-Output Database(WIOD) from 2000 to 2014.It is found that the input servitization of manufacturing significantly inhibits the growth of manufacturing productivity,mainly due to the low level of service input structure.After a series of robustness tests such as changing the estimation methods,changing control variables,replacing core variables and replacing data dimensions,the result is still robust.Heterogeneity analysis shows that input servitization of manufacturing has heterogeneous effects in different income economies,different periods,different service factor sources,different service factor inputs and different manufacturing industries.Further empirical analysis indicates that the inputs servitization of manufacturing has a dampening effect on manufacturing productivity via reducing the technical progress efficiency and the scale economy advantages of manufacturing industry.Moreover,the adverse effects of input servitization of manufacturing on manufacturing productivity can be mitigated by the optimization of service input structure.Therefore,China should pay more attention to optimizing the service input structure and improving the productivity of service industry when promoting the servitization of manufacturing industry.