黄淮麦区41个小麦品种(系)品质相关基因的分子检测

Molecular Detection of Quality Related Genes of 41 Wheat Varieties(Lines)in Huang-Huai Wheat Region

为明确我国黄淮麦区41个小麦品种(系)中品质基因的分布和频率,利用23个分子标记对面筋强度、淀粉特性、面粉色泽及籽粒硬度等品质性状相关基因进行检测。结果表明,面筋强度相关基因Ax2*、Dx5+Dy10、Dx2+Dy12频率分别为7.32%、43.90%、56.10%;Wx(Waxy)-B1蛋白亚基基因Wx-B1b只在1份材料中出现;低黄色素含量相关基因Psy-A1b、Psy-B1b、Zds-A1a频率分别为39.02%、43.90%、51.22%,高黄色素含量相关基因Psy-A1a、Psy-B1a、Psy-B1c、Zds-A1b频率分别为60.98%、39.03%、17.07%、48.78%,Zds-D1位点均为Zds-D1b类型;低多酚氧化酶(Ppo)活性相关基因Ppo-A1b、Ppo-D1a频率分别为51.22%、60.98%;脂肪氧化酶(Lox)活性相关基因Lox-B1a、Lox-B1b频率分别为14.63%、85.37%;籽粒硬度基因(Puroindoline,Pin)的6种基因型(频率)分别为Pina-D1a(80.48%)、Pina-D1b(19.52%)、Pinb-D1a(26.83%)、Pinb-D1b(73.17%)、Pinb-2v2(34.15%)和Pinb-2v3(65.85%)。共检测出14个品质相关优质基因和16个优质基因组合,Ax2*/Dy10+Dx5和Dy10+Dx5/Wx-B1b优质亚基基因组合分别出现在陕垦10号和郑麦366中;在所有品种中,郑0856、郑1325、郑9188、郑9062-5、郑9062-9、新麦28和西农979七个品种(系)中同时存在4个低黄色素相关优质基因,占比17.07%。

In order to clarify the distribution and frequency of quality related genes of 41 wheat varieties(lines)in Huang-Huai wheat region of China,23 molecular markers were used to detect the genes related to quality traits such as gluten strength,starch properties,flour color and grain hardness.The results showed that the frequencies of Ax2*,Dx5+Dy10 and Dx2+Dy12 genes were 7.32%,43.90%and 56.10%.Wx-B1b was only found in one variety.The frequencies of low yellow pigment content related genes,Psy-A1b,Psy-B1b and Zds-A1a,were 39.02%,43.90%and 51.22%,while the frequencies of high yellow pigment content related genes,Psy-A1a,Psy-B1a,Psy-B1c and Zds-A1b,were 60.98%,39.03%,17.07%and 48.78%,respectively.The Zds-D1 locus was all Zds-D1b type.The frequencies of low polyphenol oxidase activity related genes Ppo-A1b and Ppo-D1a were 51.22%and60.98%.The frequencies of lipoxygenase genes Lox-B1a and Lox-B1b were 14.63%and 85.37%.The six genotypes(frequencies)related to grain hardness were Pina-D1a(80.48%),Pina-D1b(19.52%),Pinb-D1a(26.83%),Pinb-D1b(73.17%),Pinb-2v2(34.15%)and Pinb-2v3(65.85%).In this experiment,14 excellent genes related to quality and 16 excellent gene combinations were detected,in which Ax2*/Dy10+Dx5 and Dy10+Dx5/Wx-B1b appeared in Shaanken No.10 and Zhengmai 366respectively;Seven varieties(lines)had all the 4 low yellow pigment related genes,which were Zhengmai0856,Zhengmai 1325,Zhengmai 9188,Zhengmai 9062-5,Zhengmai 9062-9,Xinmai 28 and Xinong 979,accounting for 17.07%.