乡村振兴视域下的乡村治理主体结构:历史演进、现实情况与优化策略

The Main Structure of Rural Governance from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization:Historical Evolution,Reality and Optimization Strategies

乡村治理有效是乡村振兴的出发点与突破口,治理主体是乡村振兴的内力。文章系统梳理中国乡村治理主体在建国70余年中三个主要演进阶段,分析乡村治理主体从一元到二元、再到多元的发展历程,进一步剖析了当下中国乡村治理主体呈现的体制内主体、体制外主体与不同类型乡村之间叠加的复杂现状,提出乡村治理主体演进不能脱离国家与社会双重张力的共同推动。乡村振兴视域下,优化乡村治理主体结构,需要加强党组织对乡村治理的全面领导,重新认识“治理现代化”,加强乡村治理的制度供给,尊重差异化的乡村现实,因地制宜搭建治理主体结构。

Effective rural governance is the starting point and breakthrough of rural revitalization,and the governance subject is the internal force of Rural Revitalization.This paper systematically combs the three main evolution stages of China's rural governance subjects in the more than 70 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China,analyzes the development process of rural governance subjects from monism to dualism and then to pluralism,and further analyzes the complex current situation of the superposition between subjects within the system,subjects outside the system and different types of villages.It is proposed that the evolution of rural governance subject can not be separated from the joint promotion of the dual tension of the state and society.From the perspective of rural revitalization,to optimize the main structure of rural governance,we need to strengthen the comprehensive leadership of Party organizations on rural governance,re-understand the"governance modernization",strengthen the institutional supply of rural governance,respect the differentiated rural reality,and build the main structure of governance according to local conditions.