行动能力、身份认同与村民自治单元有效性的逻辑

The Logic of Action Ability,Identity and Validity of Villager Autonomy Units

村民自治需要有效自治单元,如何确定有效自治单元关键是找到影响自治主体性的约束条件。自治单元的主体性囿于能力和身份两方面约束。行动能力是衡量行为主体的功能指标,与自治单元集中资源和组织程度相互关联;身份归属是凸显行为主体的自我认同标志,与自治单元场域边界和关系联结密切相关。研究发现,在空间范围内,行动能力越强,身份认同感越高,行为主体作用越大,越便于形成有效自治单元。从历史变迁视角来看,基于行动能力和身份认同双重维度进行考量,自治单元演变形态为传统时期村落自治单元,过渡到集体时期的社队自治单元,到改革开放时期行政村自治单元,再发展为探索时期自然村屯和村民小组的自治单元。新时代要想破解村民自治空转的难题,需要探索行动能力强的基本单元开展自治,选择身份认同高的基本单元实行自治和坚持多元化基本单元扩展自治。

Villagers'autonomy needs effective autonomy units.The key to determine effective autonomy units is to find the autonomy of the main body.The subjectivity of autonomous units is restricted by capacity and identity.The capacity of action is an index to measure the role of the agent,which is related to the degree of centralization of resources and organization of the autonomous units.It is closely related to the field boundary and relation connection of the autonomous units.It is found that the stronger the ability of action,the higher the sense of identity and the greater role the agents play,the easier it is to form an effective autonomous unit.From the perspective of historical change,considering from the two dimensions of action ability and identity,the autonomous units evolved into the autonomy of village units in the traditional period and the autonomy of community teams in the collective period,during the reform and opening-up period,the self-government of the administrative village units developed into the self-government of the natural village and the villager group.In order to solve the problem of villagers'autonomy idling in the new era,it is necessary to explore the basic units with strong ability to carry out autonomy,to choose the basic units with high identity to carry out autonomy and to insist on the expansion of autonomy of diversified basic units.