主体性视角下互助养老何以助力乡村振兴战略?--基于X社会工作机构互助养老项目的个案调查

How Can Mutual Aid Elderly Care Contribute to Rural Revitalization from the Perspective of Subjectivity:A Case Study of Mutual Help Aging Project in X Social Work Organization

社会工作介入农村互助养老以盘活乡村建设活力,激发农村老年人主体作用已成为乡村振兴战略的政策趋向和实践需求。选取H市G村为例,运用田野调查和个案研究方法,系统阐释X社会工作机构的多元互助组织孵化式互助养老模式的运行过程和运作机理。研究发现:X社工机构在多元互助养老模式中孵化培育村域老年人兴趣团体,对激发农村老年人在文化繁荣中的主体作用效果良好,但仍存有服务受众有限、服务层次单一的不足,存在理论缺陷、人才困局、治理脱节等诸多困境。因此,要加强社工机构自身理论和体系建设,针对主体作用发挥乏力的老年人群体采取分类精准对接服务,强化从村民、驻村工作者到村域外来人员的村域全员乡村情感文化培育,推动驻村社工机构与基层治理有效融合,打造多方合力,共同助力农村老年人在乡村振兴战略实施中发挥主体作用的优势治理新模式。

Social work intervention in rural mutual care to revitalize rural construction and stimulate the main role of rural elderly has become a policy trend and practical demand for rural revitalization.Taking village G in city H as an example,we used fieldwork and case study methods to systematically explain the operation process and mechanism of X social work agency's a model of mutual care based on the incubation of diverse mutual aid organisations.The study found that X social work agency's incubation and cultivation of the village elderly interest groups in the multi-faceted mutual care model is effective in stimulating the main role of the rural elderly in cultural prosperity,but there are still shortcomings of limited service audience and single level of service,and there are many difficulties such as theoretical deficiencies,talent dilemma and governance disconnect.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the theoretical and system construction of social work institutions,to provide accurate and categorized services for the elderly groups whose main role is weak,to strengthen the cultivation of rural emotional culture for all village members from villagers,village workers to outsiders in the village,to promote the effective integration of village social work institutions and grassroots governance,and to create a new mode of governance in which multiple parties work together to help the rural elderly play a main role in rural revitalization.