基于材料及结构的直升机噪声抑制技术研究进展

Research progress of helicopter noise suppression technology based on materials/structures

直升机因其独特的飞行模式,实现了快速发展和在各个领域的广泛应用。随着对直升机舒适性、低声污染性等要求的提出,其噪声问题成为亟须解决的问题。本文以直升机外部噪声和内部噪声的主要产生来源及传播途径为切入点,综述了国内外基于材料及结构的直升机噪声控制现状,分别阐述了传统隔声材料、智能压电控制材料、声学超材料/结构、阻尼材料的噪声控制特性和效果,传统材料已不再适用于现阶段直升机轻量化减振降噪的需求,智能复合材料、新型吸声结构、声学超材料因其优异的降噪能力及降噪特点,将成为更具发展前景的减振降噪选择。最后结合现阶段直升机减振降噪材料发展现状,提出未来直升机降噪材料/结构的发展趋势主要为主动降噪技术、共振吸声、超材料声学带隙、阻尼材料降噪等,并为直升机未来减振降噪材料/结构的研究发展方向提出了可行的研究思路。

Helicopter has achieved rapid development and wide application in various fields, due to its unique flight mode.However, the noise is also a particular feature of the helicopter, which people cannot bear without protection. With the requirements of helicopter comfort and low noise pollution, its noise has become an urgent problem that must be solved. According to the main sources and propagation ways of external noise and internal noise of the helicopter, the current situation of material and structurebased helicopter noise control in domestic and international scope was reviewed. The noise control characteristics and effects of conventional sound absorbing materials, intelligent piezoelectric control materials, acoustic super material/structure and damping material were introduced in this paper. Traditional materials are no longer suitable for the current lightweight requirements of the helicopter. Intelligent composite materials, new sound-absorbing structures, and acoustic super material/structure have become potential selections of noise suppression. Finally, combined with the current development status of helicopter vibration and noise reduction materials, the development trend of helicopter noise reduction material/structure in the future such as active noise reduction technology, resonance sound absorption, metamaterial acoustic band gap, damping material noise reduction and so on, is proposed,and feasible research ideas for the development direction of helicopter noise suppression materials/structures are put forward.