商洛市耕地土壤40年间肥力变化分析及施肥建议

Analysis of Soil Fertility Change over 40 Years in Shangluo Cultivated Land and Fertilization Suggestion

为全面摸清商洛市耕地土壤肥力状况和养分变化情况,进行科学合理地肥料运筹,对全市2020年445个耕地质量长期定位监测点土壤养分检测结果进行了分析,并对比了1980—1984年第二次土壤普查养分数据,以探明商洛市近40年来耕地土壤肥力变化情况。结果表明,当前商洛市耕地土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾的平均含量分别为18.24g/kg、1.18g/kg、106.6mg/kg、23.34mg/kg、108.01mg/kg,较第二次土壤普查的土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷含量分别增加35.2%、37.2%、93.8%、27.5%,速效钾下降20.6%。因此,在今后的施肥中,应坚持“用地养地结合”“有机无机配施”“减氮稳磷增钾”的施肥原则,改变传统的施肥方式,增施有机肥,精准精量施用氮磷钾肥,分期分次施用,以实现商洛市耕地土壤肥力的均衡提升,防止农业面源污染。

To find out the soil fertility status and nutrient changes of the cultivated land in Shangluo,and to work out a scientific and reasonable fertilizer operation plan.The results of soil nutrient testing in 445 long-term monitoring sites of cultivated land quality in the city in 2020 were analyzed,and compared with the nutrient data of the second soil census from 1980 to 1984,the change of soil fertility of cultivated land in the past 40 years in Shangluo was found out.The results showed that the average contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzed nitro⁃gen,available phosphorus and available potassium was 18.24g/kg,1.18g/kg,106.6mg/kg,23.34mg/kg,108.01 mg/kg,Compared with the second soil census,soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen and available phospho⁃rus increased by 35.2%,37.2%,93.8% and 27.5%respectively,and available potassium decreased by 20.6%.There⁃fore,in the future fertilization,we should adhere to the principle of“Combining land use with land conservation”,“Combining organic with inorganic”,“Reducing nitrogen,stabilizing phosphorus and increasing potassium”,that is to say,we should change the traditional way of fertilization,apply more organic fertilizer,apply nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer precisely and precisely,application in stages and stages to achieve balanced improvement of soil fertility and prevent agricultural non-point source pollution in Shangluo.