基于水联网的水银行机制设计——以宁夏回族自治区为例

Design of water bank mechanism based on water information-sharing platform——taking Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as an example

水银行通过收集卖水者闲置的水权指标并集中出售给买水者,实现水权在不同用水主体之间的流转。水银行的有效运行需要及时、准确、详细地掌握大量、分散的用户的需水、用水以及节水信息,需要对输供水设施进行精细的调控,需要为水权交易者提供便捷、安全的水权信息服务。然而,这些高质量的水权信息服务在我国很多地区尤其是农业灌区,还不具备,支撑水银行有效运行的水权信息管理系统建设还不完善,制约了我国水权交易的发展。文章基于水联网的技术框架,以宁夏自治区水银行建设为例,针对宁夏沿黄灌区“工业投资节水、转换农业水权”的需求,构建基于水联网的水银行机制,提出通过水联网“实时感知、水信互联、过程跟踪、智能处理”支撑水银行运行的实施机制,对进一步完善我国水银行机制建设具有一定的参考价值。

Water bank is an efficient mode for water rights trading.Generally speaking,water bank collects idle water rights indicators of water sellers and sells them to water buyers,thus realizing circulation of water rights among different water users.The effective operation of water bank requires timely,accurate and detailed information about water demand,water consumption and water saving of a large number of scattered users.Fine-tuned regulation of water transmission and supply facilities is a necessity,and convenient and safe water rights information services should be provided for water rights traders.However,these high-quality water rights information services are not yet available in many areas of China,especially in agricultural irrigation areas.The water rights information management system supporting the effective operation of water banks has not been set up in a sound and robust manner,which restricts the development of water rights trading in China.This paper is based on the technical framework of water information-sharing platform,and takes the building of the water bank in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as an example.It aims at the requirements of“water saving invested by industries and conversion of agriculture water rights”and builds a water bank mechanism based on the water information-sharing platform.It proposes a mechanism in which the water bank is supported by a water information-sharing platform featuring real-time sensing,process tracing and smart processing,which will provide reference for further improving building water banks in China.