多重发现与发表策略——以J/Ψ粒子的发现过程为例

Multiple Discovery and Publication Strategy:Base on the Process of J/Ψ Discovery

在竞争激烈的大科学时代,多重发现引起的优先权纷争时常发生。为保障科学家自身的合理权益和科学的健康发展,成果发表通常采取三种方式。一是当新发现的真实性得到充分确认时,应及时公开发表。对发现的确认包括仪器运行的稳定性、实验的可重复性、分析计算的准确性等。二是在新发现存在不确定性的情况下,应当寻求同行重复验证,包括用相同方法与不同方法的检验,成果可联合发表。三是选择适当时机发表阶段性成果。在研究过程比较复杂而漫长的情况下,有阶段性成果应及时发表,以确保阶段性的优先权。最后,在获得学术同行评议认可之后,在公众媒体报导。

In the competitive age of Big Science, priority disputes caused by multiple finders occur frequently. To protect the reasonable rights and interests of the scientists and promote the healthy development of science, results are usually presented in three ways: First, the scientists publish the results as soon as possible when a new finding is confirmed, including confirming the stability of instrument operation, repeatability of experiments, and accuracy of analytical calculations. Second, when the scientists are still not sure about the finding, they could turn to peers for repeated validation, including testing with the same method and different methods, and publish jointly. Third, the scientists could choose to publish the periodic results at the right time, During the complicated and lengthy research process, periodical results should be published in time to ensure periodical priority. Finally, the scientists could report in the public media after the finding has been viewed and accepted by academic peers.