不动产无对价债权转让行为司法认定研究

Research on the Judicial Determination of the Assignment of Creditor’s Non-consideration Right in Real Estate

伴随着《民法典》及相关法律法规的制定和实施,我国让与担保法律制度在法律效力认定以及具体实施办法制定等方面发生了重大变革和创新。在此背景下,作为一种新型让与担保方式,不动产无对价债权转让行为的合法性获得了新的解释路径,担保法律效力获得了新的认定,迎来了全新的发展和适用前景。但是目前的司法实践中,对这一行为的性质、合法性以及法律效力的认定仍存在一定的混乱,各种裁判观点难以统一,影响了相关当事人合法担保权益的实现。因此,在《民法典》制定实施的大背景下,有必要通过对现有司法认定实践的检视,并结合相关法律制度的变革,重新讨论并明确这一行为的性质、合法性和法律效力,从而以此为基础重构让与担保法律制度下的不动产无对价债权转让行为司法认定规则,以统一司法裁判,切实保障当事人合法担保权益,防控和降低法律风险与纠纷。

With the formulation and implementation of the Civil Code and relevant laws and regulations, China’s legal system for assignment guarantee has undergone major changes and innovations in the determination of legal effect and the formulation of specific implementation measures. In this context, the legitimacy of the assignment of creditor’s non-consideration right in real estate, a new way of assignment guarantee, has obtained a new interpretation path and legal effect of guarantee has been determined, ushering in a new development and application prospect. However, in the current judicial practice, there is still certain confusion about the nature, legitimacy and legal effect of this assignment, and it is difficult to keep the same judgment, which further affects the realization of the legitimate interests of the relevant parties. Therefore, under the formulation and implementation of the Civil Code, it is necessary to re-discuss and clarify the nature, legitimacy and legal effect of this assignment by examining the existing judicial determination practice and considering the reform of relevant legal systems. And it is vital to reconstruct the judicial determination rules for the assignment of creditor’s non-consideration right in real estate under the legal system of assignment guarantee, so as to achieve unified judicial judgment, effectively protect the legitimate interests of the parties, and prevent, control and reduce legal risks and disputes.