农地经营权定价与职业粮农的规模经营——基于土地权利资本化视角的分析

Farmland Rights Pricing and Optimal Land Scale of Professional Grain Farmers: A Perspective from Land Rights Capitalization

实现农地适度规模经营是破解中国粮食生产资本约束、成本约束和生态约束的重要手段。本文在粮农收益最大化(效率)和城乡居民收入均等化(公平)的双重目标导向下,综合研究了农地经营权贷款定价、农地流转费用定价和农地适度规模经营问题。研究表明:在目前生产条件下,当农地经营权的贷款周期约为25年时,金融机构(银行)与粮农同时实现收益最大化;资本投入对中国粮食生产影响的弹性系数为0.176,土地权利资本化可以有效增加粮食生产的资本投入,破解粮食生产的资本约束;农地适度规模随着粮食生产条件变化而不断变化。2010—2016年的中国农地适度规模呈现总体上升的趋势,单个农民的最佳种植规模在2016年达到153.544亩,同期的每亩耕地流转费用为137.15元/亩,土地权利资本化比率为49.50%,亩均耕地的资本投入为577.04元/亩,实现一个职业粮农的适度规模经营可以有效释放31.057个农村劳动力。

Realizing an optimal scale of farmland should be an efficient method to break through constraints of lacking capital,higher farming cost and non-ecological production. Under the guidance of efficiency maximization and urban-rural income equalization,we comprehensively study land rights loan pricing,transfer pricing,and optimal land scale. At the benchmark interest rate of 4. 9%,financial institutions and grain farmers can maximize their revenue by setting the term of the loan at 25 years. The elastic coefficient of capital in the grain production function is0. 176. It indicates that land right capitalization can effectively increase capital share and breakthrough constrain of lacking capital. The optimal land scale varies with conditions of grain production. During 2010 and 2016,there is a significant ascend tendency of optimal farmland scale. Numerically,a professional grain farmer should work on an optimal scale of 153. 544 mu in2016,and the land transfer fee is optimal at 137. 153 Yuan per mu. In the meanwhile,the land will be capitalized at a rate of 49. 50%,implying an input of 577. 043 Yuan per mu and 31. 057rural laborers can be released to non-agriculture sectors.