脱贫攻坚期间产业扶贫贡献率研究——基于28个贫困县的调查

The Contribution Rate of Industrial Poverty Reduction in the Fight against Poverty——Based on a Field Survey of 28 Poor Counties

做好产业扶贫贡献的识别和测算,既是脱贫攻坚成效总结的重要部分,也是稳步推进脱贫地区乡村产业振兴的需要。在界定产业扶贫贡献范围、明晰产业扶贫作用机制的基础上,本文基于2020年7省28个贫困县的抽样调查数据,对贫困地区脱贫攻坚期间的产业扶贫贡献率进行分析和测算。结果发现,(1)产业扶贫对贫困县农业生产总值增长的贡献率、农民人均可支配收入增加的贡献率分别为13.3%、17.1%,对贫困人口下降贡献率为37.6%。(2)行政村支柱产业发展有起色,带贫能力明显提高。2019年的样本村村支柱产业年度产值比2015年提高了95%,产业扶贫对村集体经济收入的贡献率从18.7%提高到28.2%。(3)产业扶贫主要通过增加农户的经营性收入和工资性收入实现收入增长,其对2019年贫困户、非贫困户人均收入的贡献率分别为37%、33%,对2015—2019年间贫困户、非贫困户收入增长的贡献率分别为47.6%、52.3%。因此,本文建议以壮大产业、提升价值及带贫能力为重点,推动乡村特色产业为脱贫地区群众增收持续做出贡献。

As an important part of the summary of the fight against poverty, objective identification and calculation of the contribution of industrial poverty reduction are also the requirements to push forward steadily rural industry revitalization in poverty alleviation areas.The paper firstly identifies the scope of industrial poverty reduction contribution and clarifies the action mechanism of industrial poverty reduction.The paper then analyzes and calculates the contribution of industrial poverty reduction in the fight against poverty using a field survey of 28 poor counties in 7 provinces conducted in 2020.The results show that the contribution rates of industrial poverty reduction to agricultural output, to per capita income of rural residents, and to reductions of poverty population are 13.3%,17.1%,and 37.6% respectively.The village pillar industry has made progress.The annual output increased by 95% from 2015 to 2019.The contribution rate of industrial poverty reduction to village collective income increased from 18.7% to 28.2% during the period observed.Operational income and wage income are the main channels for the contribution of industrial poverty reduction.The contribution rates of industrial poverty reduction to per capita income for poor rural households and non-poor rural households are 37% and 33% respectively in 2019.The contribution rates of industrial poverty reduction to per capita income growth for poor rural households and non-poor rural households are 47.6% and 52.3% respectively from 2015 to 2019.It is suggested to expand rural industries, industry value and improve poverty reduction capability so as to promote rural industries to make a sustainable contribution to income growth in areas out of poverty.