植物新品种保护与农产品出口质量:一个倒U型关系

The Protection of New Plant Varieties and the Export Quality of Agricultural Products: An Inverted U Shaped Relationship

随着《植物新品种保护公约》(UPOV)和《与贸易有关的知识产权保护协定》(TRIPS)的推行,植物新品种保护在国际范围内逐渐加强。本文通过构建内生增长的质量阶梯模型,理论分析发现植物新品种保护强度与农产品出口质量间存在倒U型的非线性关系。进一步利用80个国家1995—2017年植物新品种保护立法信息和贸易数据进行经验研究,实证结果验证了理论推论的有效性。国家遵从UPOV法案、免除育种者特权、扩大植物品种保护周期和专利保护范围均会对农产品出口质量升级产生显著促进影响,而较高的植物新品种保护综合强度并不利于提高农产品出口质量,尤其在园艺类、加工类农产品中表现出显著倒U型关系特征。本文将知识产权保护研究拓展到农业贸易领域,为农产品出口质量升级选择最优制度提供理论和事实依据。

With the implementation of TRIPs and UPOV,the protection of New Plant Varieties of agricultural products in the world is gradually strengthened.This paper analyzes the impact of the new plant variety protection on the export quality of agricultural products by building a quality ladder model of endogenous growth.It is found that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the new plant variety protection and the balanced growth rate of innovation.Moderate intensity of the new plant variety protection is conducive to promoting the upgrading of the export quality of agricultural products.This paper further establishes an empirical research framework to verify the theoretical derivation.By measuring the intensity of the new plant variety protection and export quality in the field of agriculture in 80 countries from 1995 to 2017,it is found that ratification of UPOV conventions, breeders’ exception, the expansion of plant variety protection length, and patent scope has a significant positive impact on the export quality of agricultural products.At the same time, the high comprehensive intensity of the new plant variety protection of agricultural products is not conducive to the upgrading of the export quality of agricultural products.The empirical study verifies the nonlinear relationship between them is significant, which shows the inverted U-shaped characteristics in horticultural and processed agricultural products.This paper extends the research of intellectual property protection to the field of agricultural trade and provides a theoretical and practical basis for the selection of the optimal system strategy for the export quality upgrading of agricultural products.