领导权:基于中国实践的权力类型学研究

Leading Power:A Power Typological Study Based on Chinese Practice

领导权是现代政党拥有的一种权力,中国共产党将其发展到相对完备的状态,党章和宪法均明文规定了中国共产党对国家的全面领导权。经由内在视角分析可见,领导权之正当性在于理论、政治、道德先进性,并以此发挥领导作用,故中国共产党是先进性-领导型政党。基于对先进性的自觉和保持,领导权有如下性质:自我构建性、创生性、高度自主性、集体性、全方位性、自适应性,责任性、高水平公共性、发展取向、进步主义、“高级性”、自我反思性。领导权的功能包括:辨识、确定人民和国家前行的方向与道路、做出战略性决策,党员发挥先锋模范作用,教化,发现、培育、任命干部,组织和动员,自由创设制度,整合多元的社会与国家权力等。经由领导权,群众“成为”当家作主的人民。

Leading power is a type of power hold by modern political parties,which the Communist Party of China( CPC) develop to a relatively complete state.Both CPC’ Constitution and PRC’Constitution clearly stipulates the CPC’s overall leading power over the state.From the perspective of internal analysis,we can see that the legitimacy of leading power lies in its advanced nature of theory,politics and morality,and accordingly play a leading role,CPCtherefore is an advancing-leading party.Based on the consciousness and maintenance of the advanced nature,leading power has the following characteristics:self-building,creativity,highly political autonomy,collectivity,comprehensive,adaptability,responsibility,high-level publicity,development-oriented,progressivism,nature of “higher power”,and self-reflectiveness.The functions of leading power include:finding and determining the direction and path of the people and the state go forward and making strategic decisions;party members playing a pioneering and exemplary role;educating and propaganda;discovering,cultivating and appointing cadres;organizing and mobilizing;freely creating law and institutions;integrating society and diverse powers,etc.Through leading power,the masses “become”the people who running of the country.