政治学理论建构中的经验、历史与逻辑——对历史政治学发展的一项阶段性评估

Experience,History and Logic in the Theoretical Construction of Politics:A Phased Assessment of the Development of Historical Politics

历史政治学是中国政治学学科主体自觉和方法论反思的结果。在中国政治学方法论多元化以及由此引起的方法论之争的背景下,围绕如何更为有效地理解中国、解释中国,历史政治学逐渐成长为一种具有理论雄心和学科抱负的方法论主张和学术潮流。历史政治学的学科属性决定了其研究起点在于经验,经验的时空属性预置了社会科学理论建构中的“历史研究”路径。对于包括历史政治学在内的政治学理论研究来说,经验-历史基础上的逻辑呈现是社会理论建构的关键。经验、历史与逻辑的关系决定了历史政治学作为批判实证社会科学的研究进路和学术定位,同时也决定了其可能的成就与可能的风险。三年来,历史政治学在政治学概念创制和政治学议题拓展上取得了明显成就,但在实现(历史)政治学理论建构中“批判的自我呈现”一面尚待进一步努力。历史政治学发展中潜藏的风险源自于历史政治学与其经验基础的剥离,所以,从方法论上防范历史对经验的疏离以及逻辑对历史的疏离,重建经验世界的完整性、历史世界的统一性和逻辑世界的自洽性成为历史政治学后续发展的关键。从恢复和重建历史政治学理论建构与其经验基础的方法论通道的角度来说,“古典政治学”和“进程政治学”是历史政治学未来发展中较具理论前景和可操作性的两种路径。

Historical politics originates from self-consciousness of and methodological reflections on the discipline of Chinese political science.In the context of methodological pluralism in Chinese political science and consequent methodological controversies,focusing on how to understand and interpret China more effectively,historical politics has gradually grown into a methodological proposition and an academic trend with theoretical ambition and disciplinary aspiration.The disciplinary attributes of historical politics determine that the starting point of its research lies in experience,and the temporal and spatial attributes of experience preset the “historical approach”in the theoretical construction of social sciences.For theoretical studies of politics including historical politics,logical presentation on empirical-historical basis is the key to the construction of social theory.The relationship between experience,history and logic determines the research approach and the academic orientation of historical politics as a critical empirical social science,as well as its possible achievements and risks.Over the past three years,historical politics has made significant achievements in the creation of political concepts and the expansion of political issues,but further efforts are needed to realize the “critical self-presentation”in the theoretical construction of( historical) politics.The hidden risks in the development of historical politics come from the alienation of historical politics from its empirical basis.Therefore,methodologically preventing the alienation of history from experience and logic from history,and reconstructing the integrity of the empirical world,the unity of the historical world,and the self-consistency of the logical world,is the key to the subsequent development of historical politics.In terms of restoring and rebuilding the methodological channel between the theoretical construction of historical politics and its empirical basis,“classical politics”and “process politics”are the two theoretically promising and practically operative paths in the future development of historical politics.