外侧单髁置换术治疗外侧间室膝骨关节炎的研究进展

Progress of lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for lateral compartment osteoarthritis of the knee

随着关节外科"保膝理念"及手术技术的发展,外侧单髁置换术(UKA)已成为治疗膝关节外侧间室骨关节炎的有效方法。外侧间室膝骨关节炎发病率低,其具有与内侧间室不同的解剖和运动学特性,这2个因素增加了外侧UKA手术的挑战性,因此外侧UKA的临床疗效一直存在争议。随着治疗理念、手术技术和假体设计的不断改进和更新,外侧UKA术后临床效果不断优化,假体生存率不断提高。本文旨在总结外侧间室膝骨关节炎的特点、临床疗效、假体选择、翻修原因和未来发展方向及展望,结合近年相关文献,对外侧UKA的当前研究进展进行综述。

With the development of the knee-preservation concept and surgical techniques,lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA)has become an effective method for the lateral compartment osteoarthritis of the knee.The incidence of knee osteoarthritis is low in the lateral compartment,which is different from the medial compartment in anatomical and kinematic characteristics.These two factors increase the challenge of lateral UKA,so the clinical efficacy of lateral UKA has been controversial.With the improvement and renewal of treatment concepts,surgical techniques and prosthesis design,the clinical effect of lateral UKA and the survival rate of the prosthesis have been continuously optimized.This article aims to summarize the characteristics of lateral compartment knee osteoarthritis,clinical efficacy,prosthesis selection,reasons for revision,future application and prospects,combined with relevant literature in recent years,to review the current progress of lateral UKA.