建筑物的符号化地图与权利秩序——宅基地测量与不动产登记中的乡村空间现代性

Symbolic Map of Buildings and Rights Order——Rural Spatial Modernity in Homestead Survey and Real Estate Registration

国家在农村实施的宅基地测量与不动产登记工作是一种实现乡村空间现代性的空间治理方式。在调查区域,测量和登记时测绘员利用现代科技通过“打点”与“上图”过程对乡村人居空间实现地图上的符号化重塑,在农户实际建筑物空间秩序不发生改变的情况下,测量和登记过程重构了农户实践的建筑物财产权利。同时,“庄”与“家”作为农村社会农户的日常生活空间,其空间秩序的塑造遵循着一套基于当地文化习俗与家户经济的地方知识,亦构成农户家庭实践的财产权利空间。入户过程中农户与测绘员围绕“一户一宅”和建筑物结构产生的争论,不仅表明了国家对农户建筑物空间秩序的符号化重构,重塑了农户“庄”与“家”空间的权利秩序,也反映了处于“乡土中国”与“城乡中国”张力中的农民的财产权利观念的动态变化。

The homestead survey and real estate registration implemented by the state in rural areas is a way of spatial governance to realize the modernity of rural space. In the survey area, during measurement and registration, the surveyors use modern technology to realize the symbolic reconstruction of rural residential space on the map through the process of “dotting” and “plotting”. Under the condition that the spatial order of farmers’ actual buildings does not change, the real estate registration process reconstructs farmers’ practical building property rights. At the same time, “residence(zhuang)” and “home(jia)” as the daily living space of farmers in rural society, the shaping of their spatial order follows a set of local knowledge based on local cultural customs and family economy, and also constitutes the property right space for farmers’ family practice. In the process of entering the household, the disputes between farmers and surveyors about “one house per family(yi hu yi zhai)” and the structure of buildings not only explain the symbolic reconstruction of the spatial order of farmers’ buildings, but also reflect the dynamic concept of property rights of farmers in the tension between “rural China” and “urban-rural China”.