美国自行车交通规划的经验借鉴与启示——以明尼阿波利斯为例

Lessons Learned and Policy Implications from Bicycle Transportation Planning in the United States: A Case of Minneapolis

自行车交通是一种低碳、环保和健康的交通方式,对城市可持续发展起到重要作用。中国城市机动化快速发展严重挤压了自行车交通的生存空间与路权分配,导致自行车出行比例大幅下降。美国在自行车交通发展和规划方面有着与欧洲国家不一样的经验与模式。论文以全美自行车骑行得分最高的明尼阿波利斯市为例,分别从州、都市区、郡和市4个层级对其自行车交通规划体系进行梳理与研究,并从连接性、娱乐性、独立性和安全性4方面归纳美国自行车道设计特色,以期为中国城市自行车交通规划与设计提供来自北美的经验模式借鉴,促进和迎接自行车交通的“回归”。

Bicycle transportation is a low-carbon, environment-friendly,and healthy mode of transportation,which plays an important role in the sustainable development of cities.With rapid increases in urban motorization in China,bicycle transportation is severely limited by reduced road space and road rights,resulting in a sharp decline in bicycle mode share.Bicycle transportation planning and development experiences in the United States are distinct from European countries.Using Minneapolis-the most bikefriendly city in the United States-as a case study,the paper examines the multi-level bicycle transportation planning system in the United States from four administrative levels:the state,the metropolitan area,the county,and the city.Besides,it sums up the design features in the United States from four perspectives:connectivity,entertainment,independence and safety,hoping to provide the experience from North America for the planning and design of bicycle transportation in China and to promote the "return" of bicycle transportation.