渤海未成年人埋葬习俗研究

Research on Burial Customs of Minors in Bohai State

系统梳理了中国境内渤海未成年人墓葬的考古发掘材料,并对其埋葬习俗进行了初步讨论。渤海未成年人埋葬方式可分为单人葬和多人葬。未成年人单人葬数量较少,随葬品及墓葬形制较为简单,埋葬方式以一次葬为主;多人合葬中的墓葬形制及随葬品均较为丰富,以二次葬为主。根据墓葬形制的规律,认为埋葬未成年人的墓葬中单人葬早于多人葬。未成年人与成年男女共同埋葬是渤海未成年人埋葬方式的特点之一,由此认为,家庭是构成渤海社会的最小单元,并体现出渤海社会牢固的亲情观念及稳定的家庭结构。

This article systematically reviewed the archaeological excavation materials of the minors’ tombs in the Bohai State in China and made a preliminary discussion on the burial customs. The minors’ burial system in Bohai State can be divided into single burial and multiple burials. The number of single burial of minors is relatively small, with few funerary items and simple tomb structure, mainly primary burial, while the tomb structure and funerary items in multi-person burials are relatively rich, mainly secondary burials. According to the tomb structure, it is believed that single burial is earlier than multiple burial in minors’ tombs. The way minors buried with adult men and women is one of the characteristics to bury minors in Bohai State. Hence, it is concluded that family is the smallest social unit in Bohai State, with close kinship and stable family structure.