俄罗斯媒体有关叙利亚战争报道中美国与土耳其国家形象对比研究

A Comparative Study on the National Images of the United States and Turkey in Russian Media Reports Regarding the Syrian Conflict

媒体形象是反映形象建构主体态度的重要手段,因此一直是批评话语分析的重要议题。以往针对叙利亚战争的批评话语分析多聚焦叙利亚或叙利亚难民的媒体形象,而对其参与国媒体形象的建构问题鲜有涉及。本研究采用批评话语分析与语料库语言学相结合的研究范式,以自建俄罗斯媒体有关叙利亚战争报道语料库为基础,通过词语搭配分析,探讨媒体的态度意义,旨在揭示随着叙利亚战争的进展,俄罗斯媒体中美国和土耳其国家形象的历时变化趋势。研究结果表明,在俄罗斯参与叙利亚战争的三个阶段,俄罗斯媒体对美国的形象建构经历了积极-消极-消极的变化过程,而对土耳其的形象建构则反映出消极-积极-消极的变化趋势。以上结果表明,俄罗斯媒体针对美国和土耳其形象建构的差异与叙利亚战争不同时期俄罗斯的社会政治语境及意识形态有着密切关系。本研究一定程度上揭示了俄罗斯媒体有关叙利亚战争话语背后的意识形态特征,也为探索俄罗斯与叙利亚战争重要参与国之间的权力关系提供了借鉴。

As an important means for presenting attitudes towards a subject,media images have long been a major topic for critical discourse analysis.Of all the critical discourse studies on the Syrian Conflict,most have focused on the media images of Syria or those of the refugees of Syria with only few touching upon the images of the countries involved in the war.The present study seeks to investigate and compare the national images of the United States and Turkey in Russian media reports as well as their diachronic changes across the three phases of the Syria Conflict.A combined research paradigm of critical discourse analysis and corpus examination is used to explore the attitudinal meanings of the media by examining the typical collocations of the selected keywords in a self-built corpus of Russian media reports on the Syrian Conflict.Results show that during the three phrases of the Syrian Conflict,different images were constructed for the United States and Turkey,respectively,in Russian media,with a sequential positive-negativenegative image for the United States compared to a negative-positive-negative image for Turkey.These findings suggest that the differences in the image construction for the US and Turkey were tied to the Russian sociopolitical contexts and ideologies across the different phrases of the Syrian Conflict.This study not only uncovers the ideological characteristics underpinning the Russian media’s discourse on the Syrian Conflict but also provides valuable insights into the power relationships between Russia and the major participating countries of the Syrian War.