政治话语中复合意象图式类型及隐喻映射作用研究——以卡梅伦的“脱欧”话题演讲为例

Types of Compound Image Schemas in Political Discourse and Their Metaphorical Mappings:A Case Study of Cameron’s Speeches on“Brexit”

传统的意象图式研究多关注基本意象图式在较小语言单位中的应用,对意象图式在较大语言单位中的组合即复合意象图式的研究略显不足,忽视了其在话语和意识形态间的媒介作用。本文采用批评话语研究视角,以英国前首相卡梅伦有关"脱欧"议题的政治演讲为例,探究政治话语中复合意象图式的常用类型及其隐喻映射机制。研究发现:政治话语中主要存在三类复合意象图式,即路径类复合意象图式、容器类复合意象图式及路径-容器类复合意象图式。前两类复合意象图式分别由路径图式和容器图式与具有突出焦点功能的基本意象图式组合而成,在政治话语中通过隐喻手段被映射到目标域,表达"群内-群外"身份、政治立场、复杂事件等抽象概念,帮助话语生产者实现其政治观点的合法化;第三类复合意象图式则兼具前两类的特点和功能。本文对于揭示政治话语中复合意象图式在意识形态传播中的作用具有理论和实践价值。

Image schemas studies have traditionally focused on the application of primitive image schemas in relatively small linguistic units,and rarely addressed the roles of compound image schemas,i.e.,the combinations of primitive image schemas,in larger linguistic units.Consequently,the media function of compound image schemas between discourse and ideology has been ignored.This study explores the common types of compound image schemas in political discourse and their metaphorical mapping mechanisms from the perspective of Critical Discourse Studies,using former British Prime Minister Cameron’s political speeches on the“Brexit”issue as examples.Results indicate that three major types of compound image schemas are frequently used in the political discourse on Brexit:PATH type,CONTAINER type and PATH-CONTAINER type.The first two types are formed by combining PATH schema and CONTAINER schema,respectively,with primitive image schemas that function as attention pointers.These compound image schemas are metaphorically mapped onto abstract concepts such as“In-group”and“Out-group”identity,political stance and complex events in the target domain of political discourse,which helps discourse producers to legitimize their political views.The third type of compound image schema shares the characteristics and functions of the first two types.The present study has theoretical and practical values for unveiling the role of compound image schemas in spreading ideology in political discourse.