考古学的公共性及其时代价值

Public Nature and Present-day Value of Archaeology Science

从来就不存在真正的“私人的考古学”。从考古调查发掘所涉经费、土地和考古出土文物、资料信息,到考古知识、理论、技术方法的社会共享,再到考古发掘之后文物、古迹、遗址的保护、利用、管理,无一不是社会性问题。科学考古学满足考古学家和人类面向古代的求知欲望,而公共考古学则是面向人类基于历史的未来可持续发展资源、信息、知识管理和价值观建构的考古后问题。中华民族伟大复兴和人类命运共同体建设对考古资源的保护利用管理提出了新的时代要求,也为中国公共考古学的发展提供了历史性机遇。

As the popularization and dissemination of archaeological knowledge are coming under the spotlight in the mainstream media and the whole society recently, the relation between archaeology and the public has also become the academic focus,making community archaeology or public archaeology one of the forefronts in the theoretical and methodological exploration of archaeology.Based on the fact that almost all facets in archaeology, including the costs and land involved in the excavation and research, the unearthed artifacts and informative data, the sharing of archaeological expertise, theory and techniques in the whole society, and the conservation, utilization and management of relics, historic sites and ruins after the excavation research, are social issues, this article presents the idea and allied thinking that there has never been private archaeology, and archaeology and related subjects should strengthen the development of public archaeology.It is believed that scientific archaeology meets the thirst of archaeologists and all human beings for knowledge about the ancient times. However, public archaeology, focusing on the issues after the excavation research, including the resources, information, knowledge management and the establishment of outlook for the sustainable development in the future of the mankind based on history, is a social issue and practice of the conservation, utilization and management of archaeological resources and cultural heritage. It can be said that public archaeology is the extension or application of scientific archaeology, while the latter is the academic foundation and bolster of the former.The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the task of building a community with a shared future for mankind present a new requirement of the times to archaeology, as well as the protection, utilization and management of archaeological resources. Also,they provide a valuable historical opportunity for the development of Chinese public archaeology.