考古发掘现场的公众考古活动机制探析

Research on Public Archaeological Activities at Archaeological Excavation Sites

近年随着国家对考古学科重视程度的提高,公众对考古工作的认知也愈加主动和热情。考古发掘现场是公众了解和认识考古工作的最直接窗口,但目前对考古现场如何开展公众参与的理论和研究较少。因此,如何做好考古发掘现场的公众考古活动是需要研究和探讨的事实。通过分析和研究公众考古的内容和形式,结合发掘现场实际情况,建立一个开展公众考古活动因素的条件指标体系,在这个体系内,制订活动开展的预案策划和流程,建立并完善安全、空间、管理、宣传等相关模块,筹备各个模块功能的配套设施和物资,并根据活动受众对考古学认识的不同程度和参加活动的目的,进一步细化相应服务标准来满足不同需求和理念的公众。通过发掘现场公众考古活动的开展,在考古学者与公众之间构建一个良性的双向互动的桥梁,让考古学大众化。

As China attaches more importance to archaeology in recent years, the public has become increasingly proactive and enthusiastic to learn about archaeological work. Archaeological excavation sites enable the public to have direct contact with archaeological work. However, there is a lack of theories and research on public participation at archaeological sites. Therefore, it is necessary to study and explore the issue of holding public archaeological activities at archaeological excavation sites.To provide theoretical support and detailed guidance for public archaeological activities at archaeological sites, this paper attempted to plan and summarize how to hold public archaeological activities by discuss topics such as the conditions, planning and preparation, publicity and promotion, types of publics and feedback mechanism for the development of such activities. Firstly, an index system of conditions for launching public archaeological activities was established in line with the reality of archaeological excavation sites. Within this system, relevant modules including security, space, management, publicity and funding were devised and improved, relevant activities were formulated and planned, and the supporting facilities and materials as well as personnel management for the function of each module were prepared. Then, according to the different degrees of archaeological understanding and purposes of visit of the participants, corresponding standards were further refined to better serve the public with various needs and notions,which could help achieve satisfactory results and enhance the level of archaeological excavation. Finally, the feedback mechanism was expounded to improve public satisfaction with public archaeological activities and the theoretical research level.This paper discusses the necessary conditions for holding public archaeological activities at archaeological excavation sites and the issues that should be taken into account during the whole process of the activities. It aims to better serve the public to visit and learn at archaeological sites, strengthen public perception of archaeological excavation work and highlight the significance of such work, thus providing reference and theoretical support for holding public activities at archaeological excavation sites.