运动与蛋白质酰化修饰的研究进展

Research Progress of Exercise and Protein Acylation

除蛋白质乙酰化修饰外,近年来不同类型的酰化修饰被陆续发现。组蛋白赖氨酸的酰化修饰,影响转录作用于表观调节;非组蛋白的酰化修饰,广泛参与细胞分子生物学调控。研究表明,运动一方面调节物质代谢,改变体内代谢小分子水平,为酰化修饰提供丰富的供体;另一方面,运动时剧烈的氧化还原反应和激酶活性的变化,还能改变去酰化酶如sirtuins家族的表达与活性,调控酰化/去酰化修饰的动态平衡,影响生理和病理过程。运动对蛋白质酰化修饰的调节是运动改善代谢、促进健康和防治慢病的新机制。

Protein acylation is a type of protein post-translational modification.Novel acylations except for acetylation,have been expanded successively in recent years.Histone acylation can directly modulate the packaging of chromatin either by altering the net charge of histone molecules or by altering inter-nucleosomal interactions,thereby promoting the regulation of transcription in the nucleus and the gene expression;besides,acylation can regulate the structure and function of non-histone protein,which changes in protein interactions between its binding partners,widely participating in a variety of cellular and molecular biological regulation.Exercise is one of the most critical factors that affect protein acylation,it not only enhances histone acylation level and involves in the regulation of gene expression,but also maintains tissue and cell metabolic homeostasis by regulating the histone acetyl transferases/histone deacetylases.Exercise modulates protein acylation through two pathways.On one hand,exercise regulates substance metabolism to change the level of metabolite in the human body,which provides abundant acyl-donors for acylation,such as acetyl-coenzyme A,succinyl-coenzyme A and lactoyl-coenzyme A.The acyl-coenzyme A comes from the intermediate products of glucose,fatty acids and amino acids metabolism in the body.Exercise-induced enhanced metabolism,increased tricarboxylic acid cycle rate,changes in energy content and enzyme activity all affect the concentration of acyl-Co A,thereby affecting the overall acylation level in a more three-dimensional and multi-dimensional manner.On the other hand,dramatic redox reactions and changes in kinase activity during exercise can also change the expression and activity of deacetylases such as the sirtuins family,regulating the balance of acylation/deacylation.Redox reactions in the intracellular surge during exercise cause an increase in the NAD^(+)/NADH ratio,and can clearly activate sirtuins.In addition,altered levels of active factors and kinases can also promote gene and protein expression of enzymes and regulate deacylation.Briefly,the regulation of exercise on protein acylation is a new mechanism for exercise that improves metabolism,promotes health and prevents chronic diseases,relevant research work is still in its infancy and deserves special focus.