风险社会视野下正当防卫适用的实证研究

An Empirical Study on Application of the Justifiable Defense from the Perspective of Risk Society

“互殴与正当防卫的界限模糊”和“唯结果论”的防卫限度标准一直是困扰正当防卫成立的主要问题。对河南省的实证研究发现,基于刑法教义学理论研究成果出台的正当防卫指导案例,并未有效地解决这两个问题。该种情况的出现是因为其忽视了当下我国社会转型过程中出现的“风险”因素,更深层次的原因则是因为该指导案例所秉持的古典刑法理念,背离了我国当今社会转型中对刑法安全需求,以及坚持对法益概念的实质化理解,忽视了刑法的预防功能与法益的抽象化与精神化。基于风险刑法的理论与定位,应确立以预防为核心的指导理念和以功能主义的刑法解释为目标的解释方法,破解正当防卫的适用难题。

“The fuzzy boundary between mutual assault and justifiable defense” and the defense limit standard of “result only theory” have always been the main problems perplexing the establishment of justifiable defense. The empirical study of Henan Province found that the self-defense guidance cases based on the theoretical research results of criminal law doctrine did not effectively solve these two problems. This situation arises because it ignores the “risk” factors in the current process of China’s social transformation, and the deeper reason is that the classical concept of criminal law upheld by the guiding case deviates from the security needs of criminal law and the substantive understanding of the concept of legal interest in China’s current social transformation, It ignores the preventive function of criminal law and the abstraction and spiritualization of legal interests. Based on the theory and orientation of risk criminal law, we should establish the guiding concept with prevention as the core and the interpretation method with the goal of functionalist criminal law interpretation, so as to solve the application problem of justifiable defense.