翻译与知识生产、管理和转化——知识翻译学刍议

Translation as Knowledge Production,Management,and Utilization:Towards Transknowletology

翻译是知识生产、管理和转化。从知识生产出发,可以重新认识翻译的本质和价值,将翻译定义为知识迁移、话语重构和价值创造;可以重新看待原文与译文的关系,解构作者/原作的权威,肯定译者/译作的主体性、能动性;可以重新审视知识的地方性与世界性,将翻译视为地方知识走向世界,凸显其普遍性一面的重要途径。从知识管理出发,可以掌握隐性知识与显性知识相互转化的规律,开发出一整套个人/组织知识管理的工具,提高语言服务和翻译教育水平,指导实施国家翻译实践,应对数字化社会的知识管理问题。从知识转化出发,可以加快变革步伐,缩短从理论到应用、从知识到行动的"知行差";可以促进不同利益相关者和共同体之间的互动、交流和对话。

Translation is understood as knowledge production,knowledge management,and knowledge utilization in this paper.First,we can reconceptualize the essence and value of translation from the perspective of knowledge production.When translation is redefined as knowledge transfer,discourse reconstruction,and value creation,there will be no linear relation between source text(ST)and target text(TT).The authority of the author and the ST is deconstructed,and the subjectivity and agency of the translator and the TT is affirmed;By re-examining the local and global nature of knowledge,we see translation as an important way for the local to go global,highlighting its universal aspect.Second,we can turn tacit knowledge into explicit one,or vice versa,and develop a set of tools for personal and/or organizational knowledge management,to improve language service and translation education,to better implement state translation programs,and to meet the challenges of knowledge management in a digitalized society.Third,we can accelerate the pace of change and bridge the“know-do gap”between theory and application,or knowledge and action,through knowledge utilization,by which we can also increase the interaction,exchange,and dialogue among different stakeholders and communities.