试验民主与韧性治理:中国改革的行动逻辑

Experimental Democracy and Resilient Governance:The Action Logics of China’s Reform

中国改革通过大规模的政策试验行动,构建了跨层级、跨部门、跨界别的议事网络,使基层官员、专家、利益相关者能够参与政策议程,增进了决策者与基层官员、专家、利益相关者之间的互动,促进了不同来源知识的分享和交流。这种知识共享和交流机制,不仅提升了政策制定的科学性,而且形成了一种试验民主模式。政策试验分为受控实验、地方试点和创新实践三种类型,分别遵循演绎、溯因、归纳的认知逻辑。试验民主的运作实践及成功经验表明,深化改革需要构建议题驱动的政策知识的共同生产网络,根据议题特性选择合适的试验模式,持续对地方性知识进行归纳和提炼。

China’s reform has created a cross-level,cross-departmental and cross-boundary consultation platform by organizing large-scale policy experimentation,so that grass-root officials,experts and stakeholders can participate in the policy agenda.This institutional arrangement enhances the interaction among decision-makers,grass-root officials,experts and stakeholders,and promotes the sharing and exchange of knowledge from different channels,which not only improves the rationality of policymaking,but also helps to create the form of experimental democracy.Policy experimentation can be divided into three modes:controlled experiments,local pilots and innovative practice,which follow the cognitive logics of deduction,abduction and induction respectively.The operational practice and successful experience of experimental democracy show that deepening reforms requires building a coproduction network of policy knowledge driven by issues,selecting appropriate experimental modes according to issues’attributes,and constantly refining local knowledge from policy experimentation.