狻猊·天马·跳脱缨——以考古为例看伊朗与中国的文化交流

Suanni(lion) · Tianma(Akhal-Teke Horse) · Tiaotuoying(bracelets) as Witnesses to Sino-Iran Cultural Exchanges of Ancient Times

以往关于伊朗-中国间的文化交流,多依赖传世文献进行探讨,时间范围主要集中在萨珊波斯晚期或中国隋唐时期。本文以狻猊(狮子)、天马(阿克哈·塔克马)和跳脱缨(手串)为例,试图探讨两国间年代更早的交流。从考古发现看,狮子在战国时期就已经为中国人所了解,并从汉代就扎根于中国艺术。比较汉晋和萨珊艺术中的额髦和鞍鞯后的花穗,也可以看出中国与伊朗在马具、马饰上的许多共同特点。此外,中国首饰中的玛瑙珠、天珠和“蜻蜓眼”也深受伊朗艺术影响。

Since the previous studies on the Sino-Iran cultural exchanges were mostly based on historical records in association with the era of the late Sasanian Persian period or the Sui and Tang Dynasties of ancient China, this thesis starts with Suanni(lion), Tianma(Akhal-Teke Horse) and Tiaotuoying(bracelets) to talk about the intercommunication between the two countries of earlier times. As is witnessed by archaeological discoveries, a lion’s image was introduced to China in the Warring States Period, then widely adopted into the artistic works ever since the Han Dynasty. There were many common features in the artistic harness and ornaments for both the Han-Jin dynasty and the Sassanian Persian times, for instance, the forehead mane and the tassel after the saddle. In addition, the Iranian artistic style can also be seen in China’s jewelry like agate beads, carnelian beads and glass eye beads.