广西黑水河湿地生物多样性现状与保护对策

Biodiversity status and protection countermeasures of Heishui River wetland in Guangxi

广西黑水河湿地属于珠江水系,上游河段流经越南,系国际性河流,是中国17个生物多样性保护的关键地区之一,属于中越边境生物区,生态位保护具有跨国意义。2021年1月,采用路线法对黑水河湿地的生物多样性保护现状进行全流域实地考察,结果表明:黑水河湿地的生境类型多样,不仅汇集了繁多的生物种类,还孕育着生境交错地带特有的生物类群;湿地鱼类和鸟类物种多样性水平较高,湿地生物多样性等级属于一般水平,具有一定典型性和稀有性;黑水河湿地生物多样性保护和利用受到水质下降、生态环境污染、生物入侵及资源管理不到位等不利因素的影响,应该加强流域生境修复,健全相关法律法规,建立生物资源数据库,以湿地公园为依托,有效管理、合理开发利用湿地生物资源。

The wetland in the Heishui River basin in Guangxi belongs to the Pearl River water system,and its upper reach flows through Vietnam,which is an international river.The ecological niche has the transnational protection significance because it is one of the 17 key areas for biodiversity protection in China,located in the biological area along the border between China and Vietnam.The whole basin field investigation of the wetland biodiversity protection current situation was carried out by route method in January 2021.The results show that there are various types of wetland habitats in the Heishui River basin,which not only gathers a wide variety of organisms,but also breeds biological groups unique for the habitat staggered areas.Wetland fish and bird species diversity is observed at higher levels,wetland biodiversity level belongs to the general level,with certain typicality and rarity.The biodiversity protection and utilization are affected by harmful factors such as water quality declining,ecological and environmental pollution,biological invasion and inadequate resource management.We should strengthen the habitat restoration,improve the relevant laws and regulations,establish a biological resources database,and effectively manage and rationally develop and utilize the wetland biological resources based on wetland parks.