长期服用丙戊酸钠引起抗利尿激素不适当分泌综合征一例并文献复习

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion caused by long-term use of sodium valproate: a case report and literature review

目的探讨服用丙戊酸钠(VPA)引起抗利尿激素不适当分泌综合征(SIADH)的发病机制、诊治方法,提高临床医师的认识水平。方法总结1例长期服用VPA引起SIADH患者的临床资料,并以“丙戊酸钠”和“抗利尿激素不适当分泌综合征”(包括中英文)为关键词对PubMed和CNKI数据库收录的文献进行检索分析。结果该例患者为62岁男性,以全身乏力、下肢水肿、低钠血症为主要表现,既往因继发性癫痫长期服用VPA。排除可能引起低钠血症的其他病因后被确诊为VPA所致SIADH,遂停用VPA并加用托伐普坦卡,其后患者血钠水平逐渐恢复正常。随访结果显示患者症状好转,多次复查血钠水平正常。检索数据库后共收集到5篇相关病例报道的8例患者资料,其中6例为中老年患者,在逐步停用VPA后症状均好转。结论临床上因服用VPA引起SIADH的病例较少见,容易漏诊或误诊,该文提示对出现顽固性低钠血症且诊断考虑为SIADH的患者,需要关注是否为服用VPA所致,以便及时调整治疗方案以改善患者的症状及预后。

Objective To explore the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone(SIADH) caused by sodium valproate(VPA), aiming to improve the awareness of clinicians.Methods Clinical data of a patient with SIADH caused by long-term use of VPA were collected. Literature review was conducted by using the keywords of “VPA” and “SIADH” in both Chinese and English from PubMed and CNKI databases. Results The 62-yearold male patient presented with malaise, lower extremity edema, and hyponatremia as the main manifestations. He was administered with VPA for a long-time due to the secondary epilepsy. The diagnosis of SIADH caused by VPA was confirmed after excluding other possible causes of hyponatremia. After stopping VPA and adding tolvaptanka, serum sodium gradually returned to normal range. During followup, the patient’s symptoms were improved, and the serum sodium was normal. Through literature reviews, a total of 5 related case reports consisting of 8 patients were retrieved and 6 of them were middle-aged and elderly patients. Symptoms of all patients were improved after gradually discontinuing use of VPA. Conclusions The cases of SIADH caused by use of VPA have been rarely reported in clinical practice, which are likely to be missed diagnosis or misdiagnosed. This case prompts that when SIADH is considered in the diagnosis of refractory hyponatremia, attention should be paid to the possibility that SIADH may be caused by use of VPA. Hence, the treatment plan should be timely adjusted to mitigate symptoms and enhance prognosis of patients.