42株扁桃实生单株坚果表型性状多样性分析

Diversity analysis of nut phenotypic traits of 42 almond single plants

为了揭示扁桃坚果表型性状的种质遗传多样性水平,为扁桃种质资源的品种选育和分类鉴定提供参考。以塔里木大学扁桃种质资源圃内的42株扁桃实生单株为试验材料,对18个壳果、7个果仁的描述型性状和19个数量性状进行测定,后通过变异分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析对表型特征及多样性情况进行评价。结果表明:42份扁桃坚果总体表现为核果狭长形,核面洞形,核洞偏短缝合线,内壳纹形,于长缝合线一侧开裂,短尖头,单仁,无苦味;19个数量性状平均变异系数为56.85%,最大的为双仁率(274.60%),最小的为核果侧径(10.77%)。通过相关性分析发现65对相关系数达极显著水平,10对相关系数达显著水平。主成分分析将19个数量性状分为5个主成分,累计方差贡献率达84.727%。通过聚类分析将42份扁桃坚果种质分为6类:第5类种壳更薄更软,核果更轻,核仁更大更重,出仁率更高,可优先作为直接剥壳食用性育种材料。42份扁桃坚果种质间存在着极其丰富的遗传多样性,第5类扁桃食用品质更优,可优先作为育种材料。

In order to reveal the genetic diversity level of almond nut phenotypic traits,and provide reference for variety breeding and classification identification of almond germplasm resources.With 42 almond plants in almond germplasm resources garden of tarim university as experimental materials,descriptive characters and 19 quantitative characters of 18 shells and 7 nuts were determined,and then phenotypic characteristics and diversity were evaluated by variance analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed that the 42 almond nuts were generally long and narrow in drupe shape,with a hole in the core surface,a short suture line in the core hole,a grain shape in the inner shell,a short point,a single kernel and no bitterness.The average coefficient of variation of 19 quantitative traits was 56.85%,the largest was double kernel rate(274.60%),and the smallest was shell and fruit side diameter(10.77%).Through correlation analysis,it was found that 65 pairs of correlation coefficients reached extremely significant level,and 10 pairs of correlation coefficients reached significant level.Principal component analysis divided 19 quantitative traits into 5 principal components,and the cumulative variance contribution rate reached 84.727%.Through cluster analysis,42 almond nut germplasms were divided into 6 categories,and the results showed that the fifth category had thinner and softer shells,lighter drupes,bigger and heavier nucleoli and higher kernel yield,which could be used as a direct shelling edible breeding material.There are extremely rich genetic diversity among 42 almond nut germplasm,and the fifth type of almond has better edible quality and can be used as breeding material first.