中缅部分边境线重要蚊虫媒介种类调查

Investigation of the important mosquito vector species along the frontier lines in the border areas between China and Myanmar

目的了解中缅边境地区边境线重要蚊虫媒介种类组成、种群密度特征,为保障边境新冠疫情防控下蚊虫传播疾病控制提供参考。方法2021年8~9月,在中缅边境地区临沧耿马清水河口岸边境线6个临时检查点和1个抵边村庄作为现场调查点,采用诱蚊灯连续通宵捕蚊18天/点,显微镜下形态学分类鉴定成蚊种类及其种群密度分析;1~9月采用布雷图指数法(BI)对清水河口岸附近居民点开展登革热媒介种群密度监测。结果共捕获成蚊2亚科7亚属22种2389只,平均密度为11.06只/灯·夜;其中抵边村寨调查点以三带喙库蚊为主(65.06%),平均密度为5.45只/灯·夜,6个检查站点以致倦库蚊为主(50.17%),平均密度为1.35只/灯·夜。现场调查点均能捕获一定数量的中华按蚊和微小按蚊,两类调查点蚊虫种类组成比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.076,P>0.05)。1~3月BI较低,4月开始上升,7-8月达到高峰,9月开始回落;阳性容器以水桶为主,占比45.24%。结论中缅边境清水河口岸边境沿线蚊虫媒介种类较丰富,三带喙库蚊和致倦库蚊为当地优势蚊种,建议当地相关部门加强蚊虫传播疾病监测。

Objective To study the species composition and population density characteristics of important mosquito borne diseases vectors along the frontier lines of the border areas between China and Myanmar,providing the reference for the control of mosquito-borne diseases in the context of COVID-19 prevention and control in the border areas.Methods From August to September 2021,6 temporary checkpoints and 1 village at the border were chose as field sites in the Qingshuihe port of Gengma County of Lincang prefecture,located in the border areas between China and Myanmar.Mosquito were collected by lamp trap in 18 consecutive days every field site.adult mosquitoes were classified by morphological identification and analyzed by population density in the next day.From January to September,breteau index(BI)was used to monitor the population density of dengue vectors around resident houses of the Qingshuihe port.Results A total of 2389 individual adult mosquitoes were collected from 22 species of 7 subgenera in 2 subfamilies,with an average density of 11.06 mosquitoes/lamp night.Culex tritaeniorhynchus was predominant mosquito species(65.06%)with the average density of 5.45 mosquitoes/lamp night in the boder village,while Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus was predominant mosquito species(50.17%)with the average density of 1.35 mosquitoes/lamp night at the 6 checkpoints,33.62%of mosquitoes were captured at the checkpoints in the farmland environment,54.10%of mosquitoes were captured in tent.Anopheles sinensis and An.minimus were captured in the above village and checkpoints,and there was not statistical difference in mosquito species composition ratio between village and checkpoint(t=0.076,P>0.05).Around resident houses of the Qingshuihe port,BI was low from January to March,rised from April,peaked at July and August,and felled in September;buckets were the main positive containers with the positive rate of 45.24%.Conclusion Vector species were abundant along the frontier line of China-Myanmar,Cx tritaeniorhynchus and Cx pipiens quinquefasciatus were dominant mosquito species,and with some population densities of An.sinensis,An.mininus,Aedes albopictus and Ae aegypti,and above results also showed that there were the risks for Japanese encephalitis,malaria and dengue fever,and suggested that the local relevant departments should strengthen above infectious diseases surveillance.