济南大气PM_(2.5)中PAHs的毒性及来源解析

Cytotoxicity and emission source analysis of PAHs in PM_(2.5) in the atmosphere of Jinan

于2015年10月—2016年5月连续采集济南市大气PM_(2.5)样品,分析了PM_(2.5)及多环芳烃(PAHs)的浓度特征,并利用CCK-8测定PM_(2.5)暴露下人肺上皮细胞(A549)的死亡率,分析PM_(2.5)及PAHs对细胞毒性的影响,用正交矩阵因数分解法(PMF)和潜在排放源贡献函数(PSCF)解析PAHs的主要来源和潜在排放源区域,找到造成健康威胁的关键PAHs以及排放源。结果表明,济南PM_(2.5)的平均质量浓度为107μg/m^(3),超过国家《环境空气质量标准》二级标准的天数占68%,15种PAHs的总浓度为26.74 ng/m^(3);PM_(2.5)暴露后,A549细胞死亡率的平均值为34.3%,其中有超过40%的样品死亡率在30%~45%之间,PM_(2.5)对细胞毒性有显著的影响,且PM_(2.5)中二氢苊、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘和茚并(123-cd)芘是造成健康威胁的关键有毒化合物。源解析结果表明,济南PM_(2.5)中PAHs的来源主要包括煤炭燃烧源、交通污染源、焦炉源和石油源,有毒组分主要源于煤炭燃烧和交通源的本地直接排放及区域输送。

Atmospheric PM_(2.5)samples were continuously collected in Jinan from October 2015 to May 2016,the concentration characteristics of PM_(2.5)and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)were analyzed,and positive matrix factorization(PMF)model and potential source contribution function(PSCF)were used to analyze the emission sources of PAHs.The PM_(2.5)samples were exposed to human lung epithelial cells(A549),the cell death rates were measured using the CCK-8 kits to analyze the effects of PM_(2.5)and PAHs on cell mortality.The results showed that the average mass concentration of PM_(2.5)in Jinan was 107μg/m^(3)and 68%of the days exceeded the National Air Quality Secondary Standard(75μg/m^(3)).The average volume concentration of 15 PAHs in PM_(2.5)was 26.74 ng/m^(3).The average death rate of A549 cells was 34.3%,and more than 40%had death rates between 30%-45%after exposed to PM_(2.5),which indicated the toxicity of PM_(2.5)on human health.The emission sources of PAHs mainly include coal combustion sources,traffic pollution sources,coke oven sources and petroleum sources.Acenaphthene,benzo(b)fluoranthrene,benzo(k)fluoranthrene,benzo(a)pyrene and indenol(1,2,3-cd)pyrene are key toxic PAHs which are mainly contributed by coal combustion sources and traffic pollution sources emitted from local sources and through regional transport.