基于植物纹样应用解析的常家庄园三雕文化价值研究

Study on the Cultural Value of the Three Sculpture Art in Chang’s Manor based on the Application Analysis of Plant Patterns

植物纹样在晋商民居中有着广泛的应用。本研究对常家庄园三雕装饰进行调查分析,最终将所出现纹样分为9种类型,其中植物纹应用比例最大,出现次数达到1243次,占比59.96%;其次为动物纹(330次)和器物纹(229次),出现频率分别达到15.92%和11.05%。植物纹共出现植物种类43种,其中抽象化植物纹样5种,具象化植物种类38种。将具象化植物根据出现频次划分为高频植物(>50次)、中频植物(50~10次)和低频植物(<10次)。高频植物有牡丹、荷花、梅花、桃、兰、竹和松等,中频植物有石榴、菊花、葡萄、佛手、瓜、灵芝、梧桐、葫芦等。综上所述,从植物纹样的应用情况可以看出常家庄园的主人在追求吉祥如意等民俗思想的同时,也在不断追求隐逸和比德的文人思想。

Plant patterns are widely used in Shanxi Merchants’ houses.This literature investigated and analyzed the "three sculpture art" of Chang’s Manor. A total of nine decorative patterns had been classified, among of which the plant pattern was the largest used decorative pattern, with its occurrences of 1243 and proportion of 59.96%. The second were animal tattoos(330 times) and utensil tattoos(229 times), with frequencies of 15.92% and 11.05% respectively. It had been counted that the plant patterns were 43 types, with 5 abstract patterns, and 38 realization patterns,respectively. Then, the plants had been divided into three levels, such as high frequency(> 50 times), medium frequency(50 ~ 10 times), and low frequency(< 10 times), according to frequency of occurrence.High frequency plants have peony, lotus, plum, peach, orchid, Takewa Matsu, etc.,medium frequency plants have pomegranate, chrysanthemum, grapes, bergamot, melon, Ganoderma lucidum, Wutong, gourd and so on. To sum up,from the application of plant patterns, it can be seen that the owner of Changjia Manor is not only pursuing the folk thoughts such as good luck, but also constantly pursuing the literati thoughts of seclusion and virtue.