工程教育专业认证标准的国际比较研究

International Comparative Research on the Accreditation Standards of Engineering Education

新一代科技革命和产业变革快速发展,对工程教育人才培养质量提出更高要求。持续提升教育质量已成为世界各国工程教育改革与发展的重要目标。专业认证作为工程教育质量保障的重要机制和手段,其地位与作用也愈加重要。本文聚焦13个《华盛顿协议》成员组织,从毕业要求、认证通用标准以及区域与国别三个维度对其展开分析。结果显示,大部分国外认证组织在毕业要求设计中都遵循《华盛顿协议》的核心要求,但也根据本国国情与需要进行本土化改革与整合。在通用标准体系设计中最为趋同的是设施和学校支持标准项,差异最大的是课程体系标准项。从区域与国别维度来看,各组织可分为奠定基础型、本土加工型与模仿借鉴型三种类型。国外工程教育认证标准改革的基本态势,即明确本国特色,着眼赋能创新;坚持实质等效与本国实际并存;建构独立自主的内部驱动发展逻辑。中国特色专业认证标准改革的未来方向是强化立德树人要求、认证标准弹性化、认证标准特色化、本硕标准贯通制、工程师衔接制度化等。

The rapid development of new technologies and industrial transformation demands new generation of engineering talents which in turn,requires a higher quality of engineering education.Continuous improvement of the quality of education has become an important goal of the reform and innovation of engineering education in all countries in the world.To ensure the quality of engineering education,engineering accreditation has become a critical means for engineering education community.This article selects 13 signatories from 21 Washington Accord signatory list for comprehensive analysis from three dimensions:graduate attributes,general criteria,and regional perspective.The research results show that the most signatories follow the core requirements of the Washington Accord in the design of their graduate attributes,but they also take the national and regional needs into consideration.In the design of general criteria,the most similar items are the facilities and institutional support,and the biggest difference is in the curriculum.From the regional perspective,the signatories can be divided into three types:foundation type,localization type,and imitation type.Furthermore,it points out the basic trend of international engineering education accreditation reform:reflect the national characteristics and focus on empowering innovation;insist on the coexistence of substantive equivalence and domestic reality;construct an independent internal development logic.Finally,it discusses the future direction of the reform of accreditation standards with Chinese characteristics to strengthen the requirements of cultivation of talents,the adaptability and elasticity of accreditation standards,the special features of accreditation standards,the integrated standards for undergraduate and master engineering education,and the connection with professional engineers registration.