“双碳”目标与中国能源转型思考(一)——能源转型与碳达峰、碳中和

Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals and Reflections on China’s Energy Transition PartⅠ——Energy Transition,Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality

人类社会从薪柴时代进入化石能源时代,大量使用化石能源所产生的二氧化碳和其他污染物,严重威胁着可持续发展。能源转型成为人类无法回避的共同课题,必须在几十年内完成由高碳高污染的化石能源为主向低碳/零碳的非化石能源为主的转变。节能、降本、增效是非化石能源替代化石能源,实现能源转型的重要条件。碳减排是能源转型的核心问题,对于不同地区、不同行业的碳减排要求应该有一定的差异,不能搞"一刀切"。应继续加大第三产业在经济中的比重,调整工业结构。碳中和是能源转型的有效手段,为实现碳中和,除了实施碳捕集、利用和封存(CCUS)外,还必须关注并强化自然界的碳汇作用。这就需要我们更加重视对自然界碳中和效应的基础性综合研究和应用研究,进而实施有商业推广价值的示范工程,并形成国内外都可接受的碳汇计算方法。

Human society has entered the era of fossil energy from the era of fuel wood.The carbon dioxide and other pollutants from the extensive use of fossil energy seriously threatens the sustainable development of society.Energy transition has become an unavoidable common issue for mankind,and the transition from the energy structure dominated by high-carbon high-pollution fossil energy to the energy structure dominated by low-carbon/zero-carbon non-fossil energy must be completed within a few decades.Energy conservation,cost reduction and efficiency increase are important conditions for the energy transition from fossil energy to nonfossil energy.Carbon emission reduction is the core issue of energy transition,and the carbon reduction requirements should vary by region and industry.The proportion of tertiary industry in the economy should be continuously increased,and the industrial structure should be adjusted.Carbon neutrality is an effective means of energy transition.In order to achieve carbon neutrality,besides Carbon Capture,Utilization&Storage(CCUS),it is also necessary to pay attention to and strengthen the role of carbon sink in nature.To this end,we should pay more attention to the basic comprehensive research and applied research on the carbon neutralization effect in nature,implement demonstration projects with the value of commercial promotion,and develop a carbon sink calculation method that is acceptable both at home and abroad.