全国碳市场工业行业覆盖范围研究

Research on Coverage of Industrial Sectors in National Carbon Emissions Trading Market

我国从2017年全面启动全国碳排放交易体系,发电行业作为突破口,率先被纳入碳排放权交易市场进行交易,后续还将逐步纳入建材、钢铁、有色、石油化工、化工生产等高耗能行业。建材行业大类中的水泥行业和有色行业大类中的电解铝行业,排放体量大,工艺流程相对简单,数据基础好,具备采用行业基准法分配碳排放配额的条件,相关企业的认可度高。石化行业中原油加工、乙烯生产两个子行业也具备采用行业基准法分配碳排放配额的条件,还需开展配额试算、征求企业意见等工作。钢铁行业、化工行业的生产工艺和能耗特征复杂,数据基础都是近年来逐渐完善的。目前,钢铁行业的炼焦、烧结等六个主要产品生产工序和化工行业的合成氨生产、甲醇生产,已初步具备采用行业基准法分配碳排放配额的条件。其他各行业有待数据报告更完善后开展进一步研究。因此,建议适时扩大碳市场行业覆盖范围,2022~2023年先行纳入水泥和电解铝两个子行业;2024~2025年纳入钢铁行业,石化行业的原油加工、乙烯生产,化工行业的合成氨生产、甲醇生产;2026~2027年纳入其他化工子行业、平板玻璃和铜冶炼;2028年之后,研究降低已纳入行业的门槛值,并可考虑增加纳入其他子行业。

China has fully launched its national emissions trading scheme since 2017.As a breakthrough,the power generation industry was the first to be included in the carbon emissions trading market for trading.In the future,energy intensive industries such as building materials,steel,nonferrous,petrochemical and chemical production industries will gradually be included.The cement sub-sector of the building materials industry and the electrolytic aluminum sub-sector of the non-ferrous industry have large emissions,relatively simple process flow and good data bases,and have the conditions to adopt the industry benchmark method to allocate carbon emission allowances.Companies from these two sub-sectors have a high degree of recognition.The crude oil processing sub-sector and ethylene production sub-sector of the petrochemical industry also have the con-ditions to use the industry benchmark method to allocate carbon emission allowances.It is necessary to carry out trial calculation of allowances and solicit opinions from enterprises.The steel industry and the chemical industry have complex production processes and energy consumption characteristics,and their data bases have been gradually improved in recent years.So far,the six main production processes,including coking and sintering,of the steel industry and the synthetic ammonia production and methanol production of the chemical in-dustry have preliminarily met the conditions for using the industry benchmark method to allocate carbon e-mission allowances.Further researches need to be carried out for other industries after the data reports are more complete.Therefore,it is recommended to timely expand the coverage of industrial sectors in carbon e-missions trading market.The cement sub-sector and electrolytic aluminum sub-sector are to be included from 2022 to 2023,the steel industry,the crude oil processing and ethylene production of the petrochemical industry and the synthetic ammonia production and methanol production of the chemical industry are to be includ-ed from 2024 to 2025,and the other sub-sectors of the chemical industry,the flat glass and the copper smelting are to be included from 2026 to 2027.After 2028,researches should be carried out on lowering the threshold of the industries included,and additional sub-sectors may be considered.