国际学生评估项目(PISA)的“素养政治学”偏好

The Preference for the PISA-Oriented Politics of Literacy

素养测评是教育评价领域普遍流行又较难解释的现象。从社会客观结构、智库的特质和主观选择之间相融合的视角,解析PISA实施素养测评的形成,可概述为“素养政治学”。作为一项顺应时势的目的行动,PISA素养测评与OECD部署的其他国际教育测评行动一脉相承,与基于“学科课程”的国际测评双峰并立,和欧洲中学阶段课程改革中“能力”和“关键能力”提炼计划前后相续。PISA测评素养的偏好从起意到定型,是按照政治和历史进步叙事的实然性形成的。通过区分评估补偿型一般能力水平的平民主义样式与评估竞优型高阶能力水平的精英主义样式,界定PISA对素养测评的再语义化。PISA测评素养的偏好与新自由主义主导的价值准则同构,表现为融入“重新设定教育主题和目标”改革洪流;抬高标准呼应新的“进取心文化”;素养资本化对应恢复经济精英的权力。未来,我国在继续参与、接纳PISA时,有必要明晰素养测评生成过程中权力运行隐匿机制。PISA测评素养是政治性的,是超教育场域的社会产物并致力于成为教育价值文化霸权的媒介。

Literacy assessment is a universal and inexplicable phenomenon in the field of educational evaluation.This study,based on the integration of social structures,the characteristics of think tanks,and people’s choices,analyzes the PISA-oriented literacy assessment,which can come down to the "politics of literacy." A purposeful action advancing with the times,the PISA-oriented literacy assessment follows other international educational assessments arranged by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD),parallels the international assessments based on "disciplines," and connects the "competence" and "key competence" refining program in Europe’s reform of the secondary school curriculum.The preference for the PISA-oriented literacy assessment came into being in accordance with the reality of the narratives of political and historical progress.The re-semanticization of the PISA-oriented literacy assessment is defined by means of distinguishing between the populist style of evaluating the compensation-based general competences and the elitist style of evaluating the competitive high-level competences.The preference for the PISA-oriented literacy assessment,which is identical with the value criteria dominated by neo-liberalism,is integrated into the reform of re-setting educational themes and goals;the PISA-oriented literacy assessment raises its standards in response to the new "enterprise culture";and literacy capitalization corresponds to the restoration of the power of the economic elite.In the future,when continuing to participate in and accept the PISA,China is supposed to have a good understanding of the hidden mechanism of power operation in the generation of the literacy assessment;the PISA-oriented literacy assessment,a political social product beyond the educational field,intends to become a medium of the cultural hegemony of educational value.