中外大学生价值观教育调查与比较

Values Education for Chinese and Foreign College Students:Empirical Investigation and Comparison

价值观是判断评价事物是非好坏的内心尺度,决定和统帅着人的态度、动机和行为模式。基于对中国、美国、俄罗斯等11个国家大学生的在线调查,比较分析中外大学生在价值观认同、价值观养成、价值观教育效果评价等方面的异同发现,中外大学生在价值观认同上均呈现个体与社会两个向度。相较而言,我国大学生更加注重“法治”与“爱国”,国外大学生则倾向于关注“自由”与“公正”,大学生的个体价值取向与价值观教育的社会价值导向之间存在一定的张力。在价值观养成上,中外大学生普遍认为家庭成员和父母、利他性行为具有重要影响,中国大学生侧重将直接性共同规范和社会性善举作为价值观养成的重要基础和方式,国外大学生则更加关注差异性教育资源和个性化活动的作用。在效果评价上,中外大学生普遍将学校视为价值观教育的重要阵地,将良好品格培养视为最重要的方式,同时在价值观教育效果评价和政府举措赞同度上,表现出较大的差异性。加强和改进我国大学生价值观教育,应持续关注社会导向与个体需求的同步满足,着力推动家庭、学校、社会的协同联动,深入推进学校价值观教育课程的创新发展。

Values,which serve as the inner yardstick to evaluate whether things are good or bad,determine people’s attitudes,motivations and behaviors.This study,based on an online survey of college students in 11 countries,including China,the United States,and Russia,makes a comparative analysis of the similarities and differences between the Chinese college students and their foreign counterparts in values identification,values cultivation,and the evaluation of the effect of values education.The research results reveal the following:The Chinese and foreign college students show their values identification in both individual and social dimensions;the Chinese college students pay more attention to the "rule of law" and "patriotism," while the foreign college students tend to pay attention to "freedom" and "justice";there is a certain tension between their individual value orientations and social value orientations;in terms of values cultivation,both the Chinese college students and the foreign college students believe that family members,parents and altruistic behaviors have an important impact on their values cultivation;the Chinese college students tend to view direct common norms and social charity as important ways of values cultivation,while the foreign college students pay more attention to the roles of differential educational resources and individual activities;in terms of the evaluation of the effect of values education,both the Chinese college students and the foreign college students regard the campus as an important platform for values education,and the cultivation of good character as the most important way,but they show great differences in their evaluation of the effect of values education and their satisfaction with government measures.To improve the values education for Chinese college students,we need to pay attention to the satisfaction of both social orientations and individual needs,strive to promote the coordination of families,schools and society,and improve the innovative development of the college curriculum for values education.