流动人口真的融入社会了吗?——基于结构方程模型的流动人口社会融入研究

Has the Floating Population Really Integrated Into the Society?——Research on Social Integration of Floating Population Based on Structural Equation Model

流动人口社会融入状况关系到城镇化发展质量。基于2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据,构建生理适应、经济融入、社会适应、身份认同、心理融入五维度指标体系,探讨流动人口社会融入结构及路径。研究结果表明,流动人口社会融入五维度之间存在密切的关联,生理融入是生存的基础,心理融入是最高层次的融入,经济融入是社会融入的必要条件,经济融入既能直接影响心理融入,又能通过社会适应或身份认同路径间接影响心理融入,同时存在经济融入通过社会适应,再通过身份认同远程中介效应影响心理融入;通过对比流动人口与户籍居民的社会融入状况,发现流动人口仅在生理适应方面与户籍居民没有显著差异,在高层次的社会融入维度,流动人口与户籍居民存在显著差异,流动人口并没有充分融入到当地,存在“伪融入”现象。未来城镇化发展应从数量目标向质量目标转变。

The social integration of floating population is related to the quality of urbanization.Based on the China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2017,a five-dimensional index system of physiological adaptation,economic integration,social adaptation,identity and psychological integration is constructed to explore the social integration structure and path of floating population.The results show that there is a close relationship between the five dimensions of social integration of the floating population.Physical integration is the basis of survival,psychological integration is the highest level of integration,and economic integration is the necessary condition for social integration.Economic integration can not only directly affect psychological integration,but also indirectly affect psychological integration through social adaptation or identity path,in addition,economic integration first through social adaptation intermediary,and then through identity intermediary to influence psychological integration remotely;by comparing the social integration status of floating population and household registration residents,it is found that there is no significant difference between floating population and household registration residents only in physiological adaptation;in the high-level social integration dimension,there is significant difference between floating population and household registration residents,and the floating population is not fully integrated into the local area,the phenomenon of“pseudo integration”exists in the social integration of floating population.In the future,the direction of urbanization development should be changed from quantity target to quality target.