昌都地区儿童青少年行为习惯与筛查性近视发生的相关性

Correlation between children and adolescents’behavioral habits and the occurrence of myopia in Qamdo

目的了解西藏昌都地区儿童青少年近视现状及影响因素,为高原地区青少年近视防控提供依据。方法随机抽取西藏昌都市一区两县的959名小学四年级至高中二年级学生进行视力、非散瞳屈光度检测和视力相关行为问卷调查,分析近视发生情况及其影响因素。结果青少年近视率为54.43%,屈光不正欠矫率为85.25%,戴镜率为34.67%,戴镜学生足矫率为42.54%。四至六年级学生近视率为35.14%,七至九年级为64.71%,十至十一年级为73.48%,近视率随年级升高而增加(χ^(2)=101.18,P<0.01)。市区学生(四至九年级)近视率(70.40%)高于县城(41.45%),父母任一方近视的学生近视率(68.24%)高于父母没有近视的学生(51.91%),女生近视率(59.96%)高于男生(48.36%)(χ^(2)值分别为53.19,13.46,12.98,P值均<0.01)。每天用电子产品时间≥2.5 h、夜间关灯后继续使用电子设备、晴天学习时光线不够明亮、晚上学习时仅用台灯或屋顶灯中的一种、过去7 d食用过油炸食品、睡眠质量差、早上起来仍感疲惫的学生近视风险更高(χ^(2)值分别为10.35,10.91,6.87,4.25,4.97,5.71,12.11,P值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,近视的发生与地区、年级、性别、父母近视、过去5个月每天看电子产品的时间和睡眠质量相关(P值均<0.05)。结论西藏昌都市儿童青少年近视率较高,可能与睡眠质量、电子产品使用时长、用眼环境、油炸食品进食频率有关。

Objective To investigate the current status of myopia in children and adolescents in Qamdo,Tibet,and analyze related influencing factors,so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of adolescents in plateau areas.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 959 children and adolescents randomly selected from one district and two counties in Qamdo(from the fourth grade of elementary school to the second grade of high school)for visual acuity and refraction tests and filled out a vision-related behavior questionnaire to analyze the incidence of myopia among adolescents in the region and its associated factors.Results The myopia rate of adolescents in grades 4-11 was 54.43%,the rate of undercorrection of refractive errors was 85.25%,and the percentage of students wearing eyeglasses was 34.67%,fully vision correction rate was 42.54%.The myopia rate of students in grades 4-6 was 35.14%,64.71%in grades 7-9,and 73.48%in grades 10-11.The myopia rate increased with grades(χ^(2)=101.18,P<0.01).The myopia rate(70.40%)of urban students(grades 4-9)was higher than that of county level(41.45%),and the myopia rate of students with myopia from either parent(68.24%)was higher than that of students without myopia(51.91%),the myopia rate of girls(59.96%)was higher than that of boys(48.36%)(χ^(2)=53.19,13.46,12.98,P<0.01).Use electronic products for more than 2.5 hours per day,electronic devices usage after bedtime,the light low indoor brightness when studying on a sunny day,and only use one of the table lamps or roof lights when studying at night,preference for fried food,poor sleep quality,in the morning the students who still feel tired are at higher risk of myopia(χ^(2)=10.35,10.91,6.87,4.25,4.97,5.71,12.11,P<0.05).Multivariate regression analysis showed that the occurrence of myopia was related to region,grade,gender,parental myopia,time spent on electronic products every day in the past 5 months,and sleep quality(P<0.05).Conclusion The high rate of myopia in children and adolescents in Qamdo may be related to the quality of sleep,the length of time electronic products are used,the eye environment,and the frequency of eating fried foods.Outdoor activities do not show significant differences.